| 词条 | Serbian folk astronomy |
| 释义 |
This article describes Serbian folk astronomy. Sun{{See also|Sun in human culture|Solar deity}}In Serbian belief, Sun is anthropomorphised as a man.[1] Sometimes, Moon is described as Sun's brother[2] or uncle,[1] Venus as his daughter[2] or (in one song) wife,[1] or both stars and Venus as his sisters.[1][2] Of Sun's parents, only mother is ever mentioned.[1] Some common Proto-Indo-European beliefs about Sun are preserved: a belief that Sun is riding in a cart or riding a horse, or that it is God's eye.[1] Various beliefs exist that explain Sun's role regarding day and night: that it travels underground or under the sea during the night to emerge again during the day, or that it dies every sunset to be born anew the next sunrise.[1] Sun is also present in a number of other folk beliefs and customs.[1] Moon{{See also|Lunar deity|Man in the Moon}}Moon is also anthropomorphised as a man.[3] Moon is sometimes described as Sun's brother[3] or uncle,[1] and Venus as Moon's sister[2] or wife.[3] Also, sometimes Moon's mother or children (mesečić) are mentioned,[3] apparently not referring to any astronomical objects. A great deal of attention in folk beliefs is given to Moon phases, with new Moon respected as bringer of good fortune, and full Moon also viewed positively.[3] There are various explanations about the Man in the Moon, which is viewed as a head of an animal, or as a human.[3] Venus{{See also|Venus#In culture}}Depending on how it appears, Venus may be called differently:[2]
Venus is anthropomorphised as a woman, sometimes described as Sun's daughter[2] or (in one song) wife,[1] Sun's or Moon's sister,[2] Moon's wife[3] and in some songs as blood sister (posestrima) of Prince Marko.[2] It is regarded as harbinger of dawn and day.[2] MeteoritesSerbian mythical creatures called zmaj, usually translated as dragon, are described variously, as either snake-like monsters (see also aždaja), humans with supernatural abilities, or flying fiery creatures; these fiery dragons can be identified as meteorites.[4] They are described as flying across the sky while shining, generally at night, with fire flowing from their wings, and producing a loud noise.[4] In some regions it was believed that a shooting star indicated a captive, slave or soldier had broken free, or that one man is chasing another to fight with.[5] It was a custom that the person who saw the shooting star remained silent at that moment, as uttering a sound might disclose the fugitive.[6] By another custom the person should say, "Behind a bramble, behind a bush, hide!",[6] "Run to the mountain!" or similar.[5] StarsStars are anthropomorphised as women, sometimes described as sisters of Sun and Moon.[7] A variety of beliefs about them exist.[7] Sirius{{See also|Sirius#Etymology and cultural significance}}Serbian name for Sirius is Svinjarka, Svinjaruša (svinja = pig), Volarica or Volujara (vo = ox).[8] In some regions, appearance of Sirius signifies that pigs should be released to pannage on acorns.[8] AsterismsBig and Little Dipper are called Velika kola (Big cart) and Mala kola (Little cart) in Serbian language. Another Serbian asterism is Porednice (red = queue), identified as Orion's Belt and Sword. Other asterisms are recorded, such as Volovi (oxen) and Trougao (triangle), but it is unclear what stars they refer to.[5]Pleiades{{See also|Pleiades in folklore and literature}}In Serbian language, Pleiades are called Vlašići or Sedam vlašića (Sedam = seven). While the name is identical to "Little Vlachs" ("Seven little Vlachs"), this is a folk etymology, and it is in fact derived from Slavic god of cattle and underworld, Veles.[9] A number of stories about the Pleiade's origin exist. The stars are described as seven brothers, or six brothers and a sister. Several sets of their names are recorded, for example:
Pleiades are used to determine appropriate dates for various field works, or to measure time by night.[9] Sometimes, when they appear on the sky, they are called kvočka s pilićima ("hen with chicklets").[9] Milky Way{{See also|Milky Way (mythology)}}In Serbian language, Milky Way is called Kumova slama (kum's straw). A legend explains that once, a kum stole straw from another, but as he was carrying it away, he was losing some of it. Then, God put the straw in the sky as a permanent warning not to steal.[10] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=280–281 |chapter=Сунце}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=103 |chapter=Даница}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=201 |chapter=Месец}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |last=Pantelić |first=Nikola |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=142, 143 |chapter=Змај}} 5. ^1 2 {{ cite journal | last = Božić| first = Nikola| date = 2007| title = Етноастрономија| journal = Vasiona| issue = 3/2007| pages = 112–115| issn = 0506-4295}} 6. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia | last = Plotnikova | first = Anna Arkadevna | editor = Svetlana Mikhaylovna Tolstaya | editor2 = Ljubinko Radenković | encyclopedia = Словенска митологија: енциклопедијски речник [Slavic mythology: encyclopedic dictionary] | title = Звезде | language = Serbian | date = 2001 | publisher = Zepter Book World | location = Belgrade | isbn = 86-7494-025-0}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=136 |chapter=Звезде}} 8. ^1 {{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=265 |chapter=Свињаруша}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=71–72 |chapter=Влашићи}} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Kulišić |first=Špiro |editor1-last=Kulišić |editor1-first=Špiro |editor2-last=Petrović |editor2-first=Petar Ž. |editor3-last=Pantelić |editor3-first=Nikola |script-title=sr:Српски митолошки речник |date=1970 |publisher=Nolit |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian |pages=187 |chapter=Кумовска слама}} Literature
|last=Janković |first=Nenad Đ. |authorlink=Nenad Đ. Janković |script-title=sr:Астрономија у предањима, обичајима и умотворинама Срба |date=1951 |publisher=Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts |location=Belgrade |language=Serbian}}{{Slavic religion}}{{Astronomy navbox}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Serbian Folk Astronomy}} 3 : Serbian folklore|Archaeoastronomy|Astronomy in Serbia |
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