| 词条 | Mbeya |
| 释义 |
|official_name =Mbeya |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = City |motto = |image_skyline = Mbeya.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = The mountains surrounding Mbeya. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map = Tanzania#Africa#World | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Mbeya | pushpin_relief = yes |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Tanzania |subdivision_type1 =Region |subdivision_name1 =Mbeya |subdivision_type2 =District |subdivision_name2 =Mbeya Urban |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = Incorporated city |established_date = 1 July 2005 |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = 2012 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =270741 |population_density_km2 = |timezone = EAT |utc_offset = +3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|08|54|00|S|33|27|00|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =|elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code =|area_code = 025|blank_name = Climate|blank_info = Cwb|website = {{URL|http://www.tanzania.go.tz/|Country website}}|footnotes =}}Mbeya is a city located in southwest Tanzania, Africa. Mbeya's urban population was 280,000 in 2005. Mbeya is the capital of the surrounding rural Mbeya region (population, with Mbeya, totals approx. 2 million).Mbeya is the first large urban settlement encountered when travelling overland from the neighbouring nation of Zambia. Mbeya is situated at an altitude of 1,700 metres (5,500 ft), and sprawls through a narrow highland valley surrounded by a bowl of high mountains. The main language is colloquial Swahili, and the English language is extensively taught in schools.==History==Following the 1905 gold rush, Mbeya was founded as a gold mining town in the 1920s. The TAZARA railway later attracting farming migrants and small entrepreneurs to the area. Mbeya and its district was administered by the British until 1961. Mbeya Region was created in 1961.Mbeya City is now a growing metropolis and business centre for the southern regions and the neighbouring countries of Malawi, Zambia and Congo.The City is well connected with an all-weather road that forms part of the "Great North Road" running from Cape Town to Alexandria.The City has several tribes including the Safwa, Nyakyusa, Nyiha and Ndali all being agricultural peoples.Mbeya also boasts as one of the regions that form the bread basket of Tanzania.==Economy and infrastructure==Local government is administered via the Mbeya Urban District authority and a Regional Commissioner.Mbeya has weather with enough rainfall and fertile soil which enable it to be the largest producer of maize, rice, bananas, beans, potatoes (Irish & sweet), soya nuts and wheat in the entire country. Tanzania has a free market in agricultural produce, and Mbeya transports vast amounts of its maize to other areas of Tanzania. There is also extensive animal husbandry, with dairy cattle predominating. Mbeya is also the biggest producer of high-value export and cash crops in Tanzania; those crops are coffee (arabica), tea, cocoa, pyrethirum and spices. There is some smallholder cultivation of tobacco. Firewood is collected by women and girls, from the wooded valleys and mountainsides. Bamboo is naturally abundant in the forests, and there are plans to teach local people about this versatile plant and its many uses. Some gold is still mined in the rural Chunya District, by artisan miners.Mbeya is considered to be heading the Southern Highlands Regions, that's why there is a Mbeya Referral Hospital which serves the whole of the Southern Highlands regions. The Bank of Tanzania, Mbeya Cement Company, Afri Bottlers Company Coca-Cola Company, SBC Tanzania Ltd Pepsi Cola Company, Tanzania Breweries Limited, NMB, TIB, Mbozi Coffee Curing Limited, Tukuyu Tea Company, Tanzania Oxygen Limited TOL - KYEJO, CRDB all these serve as zonal representative for southern Highlands. There are also a number of companies and statutory organisations with zonal offices in Mbeya.== Education ==Besides a growing number of secondary schools, Mbeya has some institutes of higher learning education. Among the better known ones are the following five* Teofilo Kisanji University is a young institution of the Moravian Church in Tanzania offering courses in theology, business, arts, sciences, journalism and educational studies, as well as training pastors. Since 2005, it has grown out of the earlier Moravian Theological College. The college is situated at Soweto suburb.* Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST) formerly known as Mbeya institute of Science and Technology (MIST) is a public institution offering degrees, advanced diplomas, and ordinary diplomas in various engineering disciplines. The College is at Iyunga area. * Mzumbe University (MU) Mbeya Campus is situated in Forest area next to the Bank of Tanzania. This public University offers bachelor's degrees and diplomas in law and business, as well as providing evening programs in postgraduate studies.*Saint Augustine University of Tanzania (SAUT) - Mbeya Campus College is situated in Forest area opposite to Tughimbe Hall. This University offers bachelor's degrees in education and Business administration, diploma in education, law, business administration information and communication technology, certificates in law, information and communication technology, business administration, grade IIIA and program in postgraduates studies.*Tanzania Institute of Accountancy(TIA)-Mbeya campus offering different course such as certificate in accountancy,diploma and degree in accountancy and other related course with business operation.The college is located around the main road of Tanzania and Zambia and airport area. Then institute providing postgraduate program.* University of Dar es Salaam, Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS). This is a college of University of Dar es Salaam offering courses in health sciencies.==Geography and climate==Mbeya has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with humid summers and dry winters. The general range of temperature is between −6 °C in the highlands and 29 °C on the lowlands. The weather from June until October, is dry and cold. The heaviest rainfall occurs during the months December to March.The area around Mbeya town (especially in Tukuyu) enjoys abundant and reliable rainfall which stimulates abundant agriculture on the rich volcanic soils. Average rainfall per year is around {{convert|900|mm|0|abbr=on}}. The rainy season is from March to May.{{climate chart|Mbeya|14|24|202|14|24|176|14|24|186|13|24|119|10|23|30|7|22|6|6|22|4|8|24|2|10|26|4|13|27|16|14|27|67|14|24|205|float=leftt|source=World Climate Guide}}===Mountain reserves and wildlife===The area around Mbeya has been called the "Scotland of Africa". The hills are clad in heather and bracken, but botanically they are more closely related to the Fynbos (fine bush) of South Africa's Western Cape Province than the Highlands of Scotland. The nearest mountain to Mbeya is Loleza Mountain, which rises over and behind the town. Mbeya Peak is visible but some distance away.Mount Rungwe is the highest mountain in the wider Mbeya region and it dominates the skyline for several kilometers around. It is composed of ten or more dormant volcanic craters and domes. Rising above the small town of Tukuyu, at 2,960m, Rungwe is southern Tanzania's highest peak, and is among the highest in the country after some of the peaks in northern Tanzania such as Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895m) and Mount Meru (4,565). Mount Rungwe is surrounded by a catchment forest reserve that was gazetted in 1949. This forest reserve incorporates montane forest, upper montane forest and montane grassland, with lesser amounts of bushland and heath at the upper elevations, found in low bushes along streams and at the edges of montane forest. The forest is home to a variety of significant forest flora and fauna, including the threatened Abbott's Duiker. The forest is regarded as an important bird area, with two species listed as vulnerable. The most notable creatures are Rungwe bush vipers and Colobus monkeys.Also ecologically important are the Poroto Mountains, south-east of Mbeya. In 2005, a completely new species of large monkey, the Kipunji, was discovered living in the southern highlands to the south-west of Mbeya. The Mbeya region has not yet been closely studied by scientists.The Kitulo Plateau, famous for its orchids and display of native flora is now within the designated Kitulo National Park.Forests in the area, even in the reserves, continue to be encroached upon and degraded. However, there has also been extensive tree and forest planting, which ensures the local firewood supply. There is a small illicit trade in orchid bulbs, which is thought to be endangering the survival of some species.== Climate == {{Weather box|location = Mbeya|single line = Yes|metric first = Yes|Jan high F = 73|Feb high F = 73|Mar high F = 73|Apr high F = 73|May high F = 72|Jun high F = 70|Jul high F = 70|Aug high F =72|Sep high F = 77|Oct high F = 80|Nov high F =80|Dec high F = 77|year high F = 74|Jan low F = 57|Feb low F = 57|Mar low F = 57|Apr low F = 55|May low F = 52|Jun low F = 48|Jul low F = 46|Aug low F = 48|Sep low F = 52|Oct low F = 55|Nov low F = 56|Dec low F = 57|year low F = 53|Jan precipitation inch = 7.5|Feb precipitation inch =6.3|Mar precipitation inch = 6.3|Apr precipitation inch = 4.5|May precipitation inch = 0.7|Jun precipitation inch = 0|Jul precipitation inch = 0|Aug precipitation inch = 0.1|Sep precipitation inch = 0.1|Oct precipitation inch = 0.6|Nov precipitation inch = 2.2|Dec precipitation inch = 5.4|year precipitation inch = 33.6|source 1 = Weatherbase{{cite web|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=23936&refer=wikipedia |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Mbeya, Tanzania|publisher=Weatherbase|year=2011}}Retrieved 24 November 2011. 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2010/11/tanzam-journey/ |title= Tanzam Journey |date= 9 November 2010 |accessdate= 21 June 2011 |work= Railways Africa |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120423094011/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2010/11/tanzam-journey/ |archivedate= 23 April 2012 |df= dmy-all }} 3. ^2014 route map, http://www.fastjet.com/tz/destinations 4. ^{{Cite web|title = Tourism and Wildlife {{!}} Mbeya Region|url = http://www.mbeya.go.tz/sectors/category/tourism|website = www.mbeya.go.tz|access-date = 2016-02-07|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160208013531/http://www.mbeya.go.tz/sectors/category/tourism|archivedate = 8 February 2016|df = dmy-all}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://wealthtitus.net/about|title=About - Wealth Titus {{!}} Graphic Designer in Mbeya - Tanzania|website=wealthtitus.net|language=en|access-date=2018-03-15}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.uoi.ac.tz|title=Home|website=www.uoi.ac.tz|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-03-15}} External links{{commons category|Mbeya}}{{wikivoyage|Mbeya}}
4 : Mbeya|Cities in Tanzania|Regional capitals in Tanzania|Populated places in Mbeya Region |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。