| 词条 | Serotonin pathway | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A serotonin pathway identifies aggregate projections from neurons which synthesize and communicate the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin.{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} These pathways are relevant to many psychiatric and neurological disorders.[1][2][3] Pathways
FunctionGiven the wide area that the many serotonergic neurons innervate, these pathways are implicated in many functions, as listed above. The caudal serotonergic nuclei heavily innervate the spinal cord, medulla and cerebellum. In general, manipulation of the caudal nuclei(e.g. pharmacological, lesion, receptor knockout) that results in decreased activity decreases movement, while manipulations to increase activity cause an increase in motor activity. Serotonin is also implicated in sensory processing, as sensory stimulation causes an increase in extracellular serotonin in the neocortex. Serotonin pathways are thought to modulate eating, both the amount as well as the motor processes associated with eating. The serotonergic projections into the hypothalamus are thought to be particularly relevant, and an increase in serotonergic signaling is though to generally decrease food consumption(evidenced by fenfluramine, however receptor subtypes might make this more nuanced. Serotonin pathways projecting into the limbic forebrain are also involved in emotional processing, with decreased serotonergic activity resulting in decreased cognition and an emotional bias towards negative stimuli.[5] The function of serotonin in mood is more nuanced, with some evidence pointing towards increased levels leading to depression, fatigue and sickness behavior, and other evidence point to the opposite.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Juhl|first1=J. H.|title=Fibromyalgia and the serotonin pathway|journal=Alternative Medicine Review: A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic|date=1 October 1998|volume=3|issue=5|pages=367–375|pmid=9802912|issn=1089-5159}} {{Neurotransmitter systems}}2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dayer|first1=Alexandre|title=Serotonin-related pathways and developmental plasticity: relevance for psychiatric disorders|journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience|date=15 January 2017|volume=16|issue=1|pages=29–41|pmc=3984889|issn=1294-8322|pmid=24733969}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Helton|first1=Sarah G.|last2=Lohoff|first2=Falk W.|title=Serotonin pathway polymorphisms and the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders|journal=Pharmacogenomics|date=1 January 2015|volume=16|issue=5|pages=541–553|doi=10.2217/pgs.15.15|pmid=25916524|issn=1744-8042}} 4. ^{{cite book | vauthors=Hornung JP | veditors=Jacobs B, Müller CP|title=Handbook of the Behavioral Neurobiology of Serotonin | chapter=The Neuroanatomy of the Serotonergic System | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aomaKqIE1jUC&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q&f=false | date=2009 | publisher=Academic Press | location=London | isbn=9780123746344 | pages=51–55 | edition=1st}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Jacobs|first1=edited by Christian P. Müller, Barry|title=Handbook of the behavioral neurobiology of serotonin|date=2009|publisher=Academic|location=London|isbn=9780123746344|pages=309–367|edition=1st}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Andrews|first1=Paul W.|last2=Bharwani|first2=Aadil|last3=Lee|first3=Kyuwon R.|last4=Fox|first4=Molly|last5=Thomson Jr.|first5=J. Anderson|title=Is serotonin an upper or a downer? The evolution of the serotonergic system and its role in depression and the antidepressant response|journal=Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews|date=1 April 2015|volume=51|pages=164–188|doi=10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.018|pmid=25625874|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763415000287}} 1 : Neurotransmitters |
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