| 词条 | Seven-arm octopus |
| 释义 |
| name = Seven-armed octopus | image = Haliphron atlanticus (70 mm ML).jpg | image_caption = Ventral view of young female (70 mm ML) | image2 = Haliphron atlanticus1.jpg | image2_caption = Lateral view of young male | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | grandparent_authority = Verrill, 1881 | genus = Haliphron | parent_authority = Steenstrup, 1861 | species = atlanticus | authority = Steenstrup, 1861[2] | synonyms =
}} The seven-arm octopus (Haliphron atlanticus) is one of the two largest known species of octopus; based on scientific records, it has a maximum estimated total length of {{convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} and mass of {{convert|75|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.[3][4] The only other similarly large extant species is the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini. The genera Alloposina Grimpe, 1922, Alloposus Verrill, 1880 and Heptapus Joubin, 1929 are junior synonyms of Haliphron, a monotypic genus in the monotypic family Alloposidae, part of the superfamily Argonautoidea in the suborder Incirrata of the order Octopoda.[2] DescriptionThe seven-arm octopus is so named because in males, the hectocotylus (a specially modified arm used in egg fertilization) is coiled in a sac beneath the right eye. Due to this species' thick, gelatinous tissue, the arm is easily overlooked, giving the appearance of just seven arms. However, like other octopuses, it actually has eight. DistributionThe type specimen of H. atlanticus was collected in the Atlantic Ocean at {{coord|38|N|34|W}}. It is deposited at the University of Copenhagen Zoological Museum.[5] Since then, several specimens have been caught throughout the Atlantic, as far as the Azores archipelago[6] and near South Georgia Island.[7] In 2002, a single specimen of giant proportions was caught by fishermen trawling at a depth of 920 m off the eastern Chatham Rise, New Zealand. This specimen, the largest of this species and of all octopuses, was the first validated record of Haliphron from the South Pacific. It had a mantle length of {{convert|0.69|m|ft|abbr=on}}, a total length of {{convert|2.90|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and a weight of {{convert|61.0|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, although it was incomplete.[3][4] EcologyIsotopic,[7] photographic and video evidence[6] have shown complex interactions between H.atlanticus and jellyfish and other gelatinous zooplankton, from feeding to protection, respectively. Beak morphology{{multiple image| align = center | footer = Lower (left) and upper beaks of female Haliphron atlanticus (estimated 150 mm ML) in lateral view {{3d glasses}} | image1 = Haliphron atlanticus lower beak (side view).jpg | width1 = {{#expr: (250 * 1000 / 642) round 0}} | image2 = Haliphron atlanticus upper beak (side view).jpg | width2 = {{#expr: (250 * 1000 / 934) round 0}} }} See also
References1. ^{{cite journal | author = Allcock, L. | year = 2014 | title = Haliphron atlanticus | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2014 | page = e.T163207A983527 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T163207A983527.en}} Downloaded on 05 February 2018. 2. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137643 | title = Haliphron Steenstrup, 1859 | accessdate = 5 February 2018 | publisher = Flanders Marine Institute | author = Julian Finn | year = 2017 | work = World Register of Marine Species}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = O'Shea | first1 = S. | year = 2002 | title = Haliphron atlanticus — a giant gelatinous octopus | url =http://isopods.nhm.org/pdfs/27566/27566.pdf | journal = Biodiversity Update | volume = 5 | issue = | page = 1 }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = O'Shea | first1 = S. | year = 2004 | title = The giant octopus Haliphron atlanticus (Mollusca : Octopoda) in New Zealand waters | doi = 10.1080/03014223.2004.9518353 | journal = New Zealand Journal of Zoology | volume = 31 | issue = 1| pages = 7–13 }} 5. ^Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda 6. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = Rosa | first1 = R. | last2 = Kelly | first2 = J. | last3 = Lopes | first3 = V. | last4 = Paula | first4 = J. | last5 = Goncalves | first5 = J. | last6 = Calado | first6 = R. | last7 = Norman | first7 = M. | last8 = Barreiros | first8 = J. | year = 2017 | title = Deep-sea seven-arm octopus hijacks jellyfish in shallow waters | doi = 10.1007/s12526-017-0767-3 | url =https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0767-3 | journal = Marine Biodiversity | volume = | issue = | page = }} 7. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = Guerreiro | first1 = M. | last2 = Phillips | first2 = R. | last3 = Cherel | first3 = Y. | last4 = Ceia | first4 = F. | last5 = Alvito | first5 = P. | last6 = Rosa | first6 = R. | last7 = Xavier | first7 = J. | year = 2015 | title = Habitat and trophic ecology of Southern Ocean cephalopods from stable isotope analyses | doi = 10.3354/meps11266 | url =http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m530p119.pdf | journal = Marine Ecology Progress Series | volume = 530 | issue = | pages = 119–134 }} Further reading
External links{{CephBase Species|700}}
5 : Octopuses|Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean|Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean|Cephalopods of Oceania|Cephalopods described in 1861 |
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