“Shantou dialect”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Shantou dialect

释义

Phonology
Initials Rimes Tones Tone sandhi
References
Further reading

{{Infobox language
|name=Shantou dialect
|altname=Swatow
|nativename=汕頭話/Suan¹tao⁵ uê⁷
|states=China
|region=Mainly in Shantou, southwestern Guangdong province.
|speakers=?
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Chinese
|fam3=Min
|fam4=Coastal Min
|fam5=Southern Min
|fam6=Teo-Swa
|fam7=Teochew
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=shan1244
|glottorefname=Shantou
|lingua=79-AAA-jif
|map=Shantou map2005.jpg
|mapcaption={{color box|#c8ab37}} Shantou dialect
}}

The Shantou dialect, formerly known as the Swatow dialect, is a dialect mostly spoken in Shantou in Guangdong, China. It is a sub-dialect of the Teochew variety of Southern Min.^[1]

Phonology

Shantou dialect has 18 initials, 61 rimes and 8 tones.

Initials

	Stop			Affricate		Fricative		Nasal
	Voiceless		Voiced	Voiceless		Voiceless	Voiced	Voiced
	Tenuis	Aspirated	Tenuis	Tenuis	Aspirated
Bilabial	p}} 波	pʰ}} 抱	b}} 無	m}} 毛
Alveolar	t}} 刀	tʰ}} 天	ts}} 之	tsʰ}} 此	s}} 思	z}} 入	n}} 腦	l}} 羅
Velar	k}} 哥	kʰ}} 戈	g}} 鵝	ŋ}} 俄
Glottal	ʔ}} 烏	h}} 何

Rimes

i}} 衣	u}} 污
a}} 亞	ia}} 呀	ua}} 娃
o}} 窩	io}} 腰
e}} 啞	ue}} 鍋
ɯ}} 余
ai}} 哀	uai}} 歪
oi}} 鞋	ui}} 威
au}} 歐	iau}} 夭
ou}} 烏	iu}} 憂
ĩ}} 丸
ã}} 噯	ĩã}} 營	uã}} 鞍
ĩõ}} 羊
ẽ}} 楹
ɯ̃}} 秧
ãĩ}} 愛
õĩ}} 閑
im}} 音
am}} 庵	iam}} 淹
iŋ}} 因	uŋ}} 溫
aŋ}} 按	iaŋ}} 央	uaŋ}} 汪
oŋ}} 翁	ioŋ}} 雍
eŋ}} 英
ɤŋ}} 恩
iʔ}} 裂
aʔ}} 鴨	iaʔ}} 益	uaʔ}} 呴
oʔ}} 學	ioʔ}} 約
eʔ}} 厄
oiʔ}} 狹	iuʔ}}
ip̚}} 邑
ap̚}} 盒	iap̚}} 壓	uap̚}} 法
ik̚}} 乙	uk̚}} 熨
ak̚}} 惡	iak̚}} 躍	uak̚}} 獲
ok̚}} 屋	iok̚}} 育
ek̚}} 液
m̩}} 唔

Tones

No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Tones	dark level 陰平	dark rising 陰上	dark departing 陰去	dark entering 陰入	light level 陽平	light rising 陽上	light departing 陽去	light entering 陽入
Tone contour	˧}} (33)	˥˧}} (53)	˨˩˧}} (213)	˨}} (2)	˥}} (55)	˧˥}} (35)	˩}} (11)	˥}} (5)
Example Hanzi	詩	死	四	薛	時	是	示	蝕

Tone sandhi

Shantou dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:

Tone sandhi of first syllable
Original citation tone	Tone sandhi
dark level 33	23
light level 55	21
dark rising 53	35
light rising 35	21
dark departing 213	55
light departing 11	12
dark entering 2	5
light entering 5	2

References

1. ^Shantou Dialect entry in Glossika