| 词条 | Shawn Carlson | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Shawn Carlson (born 1960) is an American physicist, science writer, and a STEM educator. {{Infobox person|name=Shawn Carlson |image=DrShawn.tiff |alt=A headshot of Dr. Shawn Carlson smiling while wearing a hat |caption=Dr. Shawn in his LabRats Uniform | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = |nationality=American | other_names = | education = |alma_mater={{unbulleted list|University of California, Berkeley|University of California, Los Angeles}}[1] |occupation=Physicist, science writer, and STEM educator |years_active=1985–present[2] | employer = | organization = |known_for=Society for Amateur Scientists, LabRats |works=The Amateur Scientist | home_town = | boards = |awards=MacArthur Fellowship | website = | module = }} Early lifeCarlson received his inspiration to become a scientist as well as his first lessons in how to do science from his grandfather, George Donald Graham[3] Carlson describes his grandfather as "a free-spirited wild man, a person with incredible scientific creativity. But he was one of those personalities who couldn't go through the standard course of instruction. So he pursued his passion for mathematics and geology and biology on his own and he would frequently write really interesting papers that he couldn't get published because he didn't have 'Ph.D.' after his name."[4] EducationCarlson graduated from U.C. Berkeley with Bachelor of Science degrees in both Applied Mathematics and Physics in 1981. He graduated from UCLA with a master's degree in Physics in 1983, and with a Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics in 1989. As a post doc, Carlson ran the Leuschner Observatory for the Center for Particle Astrophysics at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was chief observer for the Berkeley Automated Supernovae Search.[4] Astrology TestWhile an undergraduate, Carlson carried out what is widely regarded to be the most comprehensive test of astrologer's abilities to extract information about their clients from the apparent positions of celestial objects as seen from the places and times of their clients' births.[6][7] Carlson's experiment [8] involved twenty-eight astrologers who were held in high esteem by their peers.[8]{{rp|419}} They agreed to match over 100 natal charts to psychological profiles that were generated by the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), a standard and well accepted personality test, which the astrologers themselves identified as the scientific instrument that was best aligned with type of information they believed they could divine from their art. The astrologers agreed that the experimental protocol provided a "fair test" of astrology prior to taking part in it.[8]{{rp|419}} The participating astrologers were nominated by the National Council for Geocosmic Research (NCGR), which acted as the astrological advisors to ensure that the test was fair.[8]{{rp|420}} NCGR chose 26 of the 28 astrologers, the other two being interested astrologers who were vetted by NCGR after they heard about the experiment.[8]{{rp|420}} The astrologers came from Europe and the United States.[7]{{rp|117}} The astrologers also identified the central proposition of natal astrology to be tested.[8]{{rp|419}} To avoid possible bias from either the scientist performing the study or the participating astrologers, the experiment was performed double-blind.[15]{{rp|67}} The results were published in the highly prestigious journal Nature on December 5, 1985. The study found that astrologers were unable to match natal charts to their corresponding personality tests better than chance. Moreover, astrologers were no more likely to be correct even when they had high confidence that they had made a match correctly. Carlson concluded that the result "clearly refutes the astrological hypothesis".[8]{{rp|425}} Society for Amateur Scientists{{main|Society for Amateur Scientists}}Inspired by his grandfather's example, Carlson left academia in 1994 and became a founder of the modern citizen science movement when he created the Society for Amateur Scientists.[3][4] Readers enjoyed his monthly column "The Amateur Scientist" in Scientific American from 1995 to 2001.[4] He was also one of the first columnists for Make magazine.[5] LabRats Science Education ProgramStarting in 2002,{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} Carlson began turning his attention away from creating opportunities for adults to participate in authentic science projects to focus on, "inspiring the next generation to love learning about science and technology."{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} After years of development which involved thousands{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} of students online and hundreds{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} of students in various pilot studies, in 2010 Carlson applied for and was granted non-profit status from the IRS to found a new organization known as the LabRats Science Education Project.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} According to the organization's website,[6] LabRats is largely inspired by the Boy Scout model. The program features weekly meetings, a rank-based system of advancement, and a strong focus on ethics and community service. Carlson is currently the organization's Executive Director. Engagement EducationIn 2013, Carlson introduced "Engagement Education", which he describes as "radical rethinking" teaching STEM.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} The goal of Engagement Education is to create strong positive emotional connections between the learner and what is being learned, their peers, and their adult caregivers, to "inspire young people to love learning about science and technology". According to the LabRats website,[6] Engagement Education is the foundation of the LabRats system of instruction. Awards
Selected works
References[7][8][9][10]1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/604/|date=January 1, 2005|title=Shawn Carlson — MacArthur Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905040421/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/604/|archive-date=September 5, 2015|dead-url=no|access-date=September 5, 2015}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Carlson|first1=Shawn|date=December 5, 1985|title=A double-blind test of astrology|journal=Nature|volume=318|publisher=Nature Publishing Group|issue=318|pages=419–425|doi=10.1038/318419a0|oclc=13549678|bibcode = 1985Natur.318..419C }} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Rather|first1=Dan|author-link1=Dan Rather|date=2001|chapter=Innovation|title=The American Dream: Stories from the Heart of Our Nation|location=New York|publisher=William Morrow and Company|pages=220–228|isbn=978-0-688-17892-5}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Dreifus|first1=Claudia|author-link1=Claudia Dreifus|date=January 23, 2001|title=A CONVERSATION WITH: SHAWN CARLSON; Just Like a Film Script, From Jobless to Genius|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/23/science/a-conversation-with-shawn-carlson-just-like-a-film-script-from-jobless-to-genius.html|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905061942/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/23/science/a-conversation-with-shawn-carlson-just-like-a-film-script-from-jobless-to-genius.html|archive-date=September 5, 2015|dead-url=no|access-date=September 5, 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://makezine.com/2010/01/13/flashback-kitchen-counter-dna-lab/|title=Flashback: Kitchen Counter DNA Lab|date=January 13, 2010|first1=Goli|last1=Mohammadi|work=Make|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907112640/http://makezine.com/2010/01/13/flashback-kitchen-counter-dna-lab/|archive-date=September 7, 2015|dead-url=no|access-date=September 7, 2015}} 6. ^1 http://www.labrats.org 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal|last=Carlson|first=Shawn|title=A double-blind test of astrology|journal=Nature|year=1985|volume=318|pages=419–425|url=http://muller.lbl.gov/papers/Astrology-Carlson.pdf|doi=10.1038/318419a0|issue=6045|bibcode = 1985Natur.318..419C}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|last=Muller|first=Richard|title=Web site of Richard A. Muller, Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of California at Berkeley|accessdate=2015-12-02|year=2010|url=http://muller.lbl.gov/homepage.html}}My former student Shawn Carlson published in Nature magazine the definitive scientific test of Astrology. 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Jonathan C.|title=Pseudoscience and extraordinary claims of the paranormal : a critical thinker's toolkit|year=2010|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Malden, MA|isbn=978-1-4051-8123-5}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|last=Pigliucci|first=Massimo|title=Nonsense on stilts : how to tell science from bunk|year=2010|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=9780226667850|edition=[Online-Ausg.].}} External links
6 : 1960 births|21st-century American physicists|University of California, Berkeley alumni|University of California, Los Angeles alumni|MacArthur Fellows|Living people |
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