| 词条 | Shlomo Hillel |
| 释义 |
|image = Shlomo Hilel cropped.jpg |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1923|4|23|df=y}} |birth_place = Baghdad, Mandatory Iraq |Year of Aliyah = 1934 |death_date = |death_place = |Knesset(s) = 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 |party1 = Mapai |partyyears1 = 1952–1959 |party2 = Alignment |partyyears2 = 1969–1991 |party3 = Labor Party |partyyears3 = 1991–1992 |minister1 = Minister of Police |ministeryears1 = 1969–1977 |minister2 = Minister of Internal Affairs |ministeryears2 = 1977 |otherroles1 = Ambassador to Guinea |otherrolesyears1 = 1959–1961 |otherroles2 = Ambassador to Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Dahomey and Niger |otherrolesyears2 = 1961–1963 |otherroles3 = Speaker of the Knesset |otherrolesyears3 = 1984–1988 |}} Shlomo Hillel ({{lang-he|שלמה הלל}}, born 23 April 1923) is an Iraqi-born Israeli diplomat and politician who served as Speaker of the Knesset, Minister of Police, Minister of Internal Affairs, and ambassador to several countries in Africa. As an agent of the Mossad LeAliyah Bet in the late 1940s and early 1950s, he arranged the mass airlift of Iraqi Jews to Israel known as Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. Life and careerBorn in Baghdad in Iraq, Hillel immigrated to Mandate Palestine with his family in 1934 at the age of eleven.[1] After graduating from the Herzliya Hebrew High School in Tel Aviv, he underwent agricultural training in kibbutz Degania Alef, and later Pardes Hana. Hillel was secretary of a Hebrew Scouts group that later established Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael. In 1945, Hillel and his colleagues worked at a Haganah munitions factory disguised as a laundry facility in the basement of the Ayalon Institute in Rehovot.[2][3] He studied political science, economics and public administration at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He married Temima, with whom he has two children, a son and a daughter,[1] and currently lives in Ramat Denya in Jerusalem. Operation MichaelbergIn 1946, Hillel flew to Baghdad on an Iraqi passport and remained there for one year as an operative for the Zionist underground in Iraq. At that time, Iraqi Jews made aliyah to Israel through slow and treacherous overland routes facilitated by unreliable smugglers. Hillel spearheaded the first large-scale Iraqi aliyah by air, hiring two American pilots and a C-46 to fly 100 Iraqi Jews to Israel in what later became known as Operation Michaelberg.[4] The flight was conducted in secret both to avoid detection by Iraqi authorities upon departure from Baghdad and to avoid detection by British authorities on arrival in Mandatory Palestine. Operation Ezra and NehemiahHillel visited Baghdad again in 1950 to negotiate the mass immigration of the Jews of Iraq, 120,000 of whom were airlifted to Israel in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah between 1950 and 1952. On these trips, he disguised himself as either a Frenchman or an Englishman. The airlift was made possible through the cooperation of Iran, which was a close ally of Israel at the time.[6][5] Hillel's partner was Ronnie Barnett, a British Jew who worked for Trans-Ocean Airlines. While organizing pilgrimages to Mecca, Barnett met the director of a travel agency called Iraq Tours, Abdul Rahman Raouf.[6] Barnett and Raouf met in Rome and Hillel came along as "Richard Armstrong." Raouf realized that there was money to be made in transporting the Jews out of Iraq, and arranged for the two to meet with the prime minister of Iraq, Tawfiq al-Suweidi, who was a board member of his company.[1] They visited the prime minister at his home. Al-Suweidi complained that the illegal emigration of the Jews was harming Iraq because they were probably smuggling out property and leaving without paying their taxes. According to his estimates, at least 60,000 Jews would leave the country if they could. They agreed on a ticket price of 12 dinars (about $48) per ticket.[1] Political and diplomatic careerFor the 1951 Knesset elections Hillel was given a place on the Mapai list. Although he failed to win a seat, he entered the Knesset on 21 December 1952 as a replacement for the deceased Eliyahu Hacarmeli. He was re-elected in 1955, but resigned from the Knesset shortly before the 1959 elections, after which he joined the foreign service, and was appointed ambassador to Guinea in 1959. In 1961 he became ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, Republic of Upper Volta, and Niger, before becoming a member of the Israeli Delegation to the United Nations between 1963 and 1967. He returned to Israel in 1967, serving as the Deputy Director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs until 1969.[7] In 1969, Hillel returned to the Knesset on the Alignment list. He served consecutively from the 1969 elections until the 1992 elections, in which he lost his seat. He was Minister of Police between 1969 and 1977, and Interior Minister in 1974 and 1977. In 1984 he was elected Speaker of the eleventh Knesset.[7] AwardsIn 1988, Hillel was awarded the Israel Prize, for his special contribution to the society and the State of Israel.[8] He currently serves as president of the Society for Preservation of Israel Heritage Sites. Published workIn 1984, Hillel published Operation Babylon: The Story of the Rescue of the Jews of Iraq, a memoir of the operation, which was later translated into English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian and Arabic.[7][9] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 Shlomo Hillel in London The Scribe, Autumn 2001 2. ^{{Cite web |last = Chotkovsky |first = Meir |title = Former Speaker of the Knesset Shlomo Hillel: I am still optimistic |work = Interview with Shlomo Hillel |publisher = Scoop |date = 2 November 2007 |url = http://www.scoop.co.il/article.html?id=10841 |language = Hebrew |accessdate = 20 May 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071103052838/http://www.scoop.co.il/article.html?id=10841 |archivedate = 3 November 2007 |df = dmy-all}} 3. ^{{Cite news |last = Horovitz |first = David |author-link = David Horovitz |last2 = |first2 = |author2-link = |title = Editor's Note:Role models |newspaper = The Jerusalem Post |date = 12 April 2007 |url = http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?apage=1&cid=1176152784189&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull |accessdate = 20 May 2008 |postscript = }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{cite news|last=Zieve|first=Tamara|title=Operation Michaelberg's Iraqi Immigrants Mark 70th Anniversary|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Operation-Michaelbergs-Iraqi-immigrants-mark-70th-anniversary-503485|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post}} 5. ^{{Cite news | last =Middleton | first =Drew | publication-date = 1988-01-05 | title =Books: Iraq's Jews | newspaper=The New York Times | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4D8173FF936A35752C0A96E948260&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | accessdate =20 May 2008 | postscript =}} 6. ^Escaping modern Babylon Haaretz 7. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web | coauthors = | title = Shlomo Hillel | publisher=Knesset | url = https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=380 | accessdate =20 May 2008 }} 8. ^{{Cite web| title = Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1998 (in Hebrew)| url = http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/TashnagTashsab/TASNAG_TASNAT_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashnach}} 9. ^[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4D8173FF936A35752C0A96E948260 Books: Iraq's Jews] New York Times External links
28 : 1923 births|Iraqi Jews|People from Baghdad|Iraqi emigrants to Mandatory Palestine|Herzliya Gymnasia alumni|Haganah members|Ambassadors of Israel to Guinea|Ambassadors of Israel to Ivory Coast|Ambassadors of Israel to Togo|Ambassadors of Israel to Burkina Faso|Ambassadors of Israel to Niger|Israeli civil servants|Israel Prize for special contribution to society and the State recipients|Living people|Alignment (political party) politicians|Mapai politicians|Israeli Labor Party politicians|Ministers of Internal Affairs of Israel|Ministers of Public Security of Israel|Members of the 2nd Knesset (1951–55)|Members of the 3rd Knesset (1955–59)|Members of the 7th Knesset (1969–74)|Members of the 8th Knesset (1974–77)|Members of the 9th Knesset (1977–81)|Members of the 10th Knesset (1981–84)|Members of the 11th Knesset (1984–88)|Members of the 12th Knesset (1988–92)|Speakers of the Knesset |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。