| 词条 | Shu Chien |
| 释义 |
| name = Shu Chien | native_name = 錢煦 | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|06|23|df=y}} | birth_place = Beijing, China | death_date = | death_place = | residence = San Diego, California, U.S. | citizenship = United States | nationality = Chinese | ethnicity = Chinese | fields = Bioengineering | workplaces = UC San Diego | alma_mater = National Taiwan University Columbia University | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Fluid dynamics of blood flow Stem Cells | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = National Medal of Science (2010) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2006) National Academy of Engineering (1997) National Academy of Sciences (1994) Institute of Medicine (1993) | religion = | signature = | footnotes = }}Shu Chien ({{cjkv|t=錢煦|s=钱煦|p=Qián Xù}}; born June 23, 1931 in Beijing, China), is a Chinese–American physiologist and engineer. His work on the fluid dynamics of blood flow has had a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. More recently, Chien's research has focused on the mechanical forces, such as pressure and flow, that regulate the behaviors of the cells in blood vessels. Chien is currently President of the Biomedical Engineering Society and is one of only 11 scholars who are members of all three U.S. national institutes: the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.[1] BiographyChien was born in Beijing and grew up in Shanghai.[2] Chien's family are descendants of the royal family of the King Qian Liu of the Kingdom of Wuyue. His grandfather Chien Hong-ye (錢鴻業) was a Chief Justice in the Supreme Court of the Republic of China (in Shanghai). His father Chien Shih-Liang, a chemist, was former President of Academia Sinica. His elder brother Robert Chien (錢純) was former Minister of Finance of Taiwan, and former Secretary-general of Executive Yuan. His young brother Fredrick Chien is also an influential politician in Taiwan. Shu Chien married Dr. Kuang-Chung Hu Chien in 1957. From 1947 to 1948, Chien completed his medical preparatory study at Peking University Medical School. In 1949, Chien moved to Taiwan with his family. In 1953, Chien graduated from the National Taiwan University. Chien went to study in the United States in 1954 and obtained his PhD in 1957 from Columbia University. Chien also received M.D. from the National Taiwan University.[3][4] From 1969 to 1988, Chien was a Professor of Physiology and Biophysics at the Columbia University. Chien was a Founding Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 1992. Chien is current President (since 1991) of the Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Engineering at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Chien was the Chair of the Department of Bioengineering of UCSD from 1994 to 1999 and from 2002 to 2005. He is also the founding director of the Institute of Engineering in Medicine in July 2008. He was named as a recipient of the National Medal of Science by President Barack Obama on September 27, 2011 for "pioneering work in cardiovascular physiology and bioengineering".[5] 1967 Science PapersIn 1967 Chien published three papers in Science that advanced the understanding of the physics behind the flow of red blood cells.[6][7] Chien and his colleagues were able to explore the flow properties of red blood cells through various experiments involved with filtering red blood cells through plastic porous sieves. One key finding was that the flow of red blood cells does not follow Newtonian behavior and this characteristic is fundamental in aiding red blood cells to squeeze through capillaries. Chien and his colleagues further discovered the importance of the malleability of red blood cells to pass through tiny pores smaller than the cells' diameter. In other words, a healthy normal red blood cell is able to "squeeze" by deforming its shape and pass through small pores. In addition, this deformation helps lower the viscosity of blood and facilitate flow. Another important discovery that determines the viscosity of blood is the ability of red blood cells to aggregate to form rouleaux (like stacks of coins) due to their disc like shape. Chien and his colleagues discovered that this was a crucial factor in modulating viscosity and regulating blood flow and elucidated the mechanical, electrical and biochemical basis of this process. These discoveries show that the shape of red blood cells is not accidental, but rather a highly "engineered design" meant for efficient transportation. Recent researchChien has investigated the mechanisms by which mechanical forces such as pressure and flow regulate the behaviors of the cells in blood vessels, including the endothelial cells lining the vessel lumen and the smooth muscle cells in the vessel interior and their interactions. His work has led to the understanding how forces with a clear direction (as seen in the straight parts of the vascular tree) can protect the vessels from atherosclerosis and how forces without a clear direction (as seen in the branch points) make the vessels vulnerable to atherosclerosis. More recently, he has developed novel approaches to assess the optimum microenvironment for the growth and differentiation of stem cells.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} Academic career{{prose|section|date=December 2018}}
Honors and awards
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressreleases/2011_09bioengineering_professor_shu_chien_national_medal_of_science/|title=White House Awards UC San Diego Bioengineering Professor Shu Chien National Medal of Science|website=ucsdnews.ucsd.edu|access-date=2018-10-16}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.the-aps.org/mm/Membership/Living-History/Chien |title=Shu Chien |website=Living History of Physiology |publisher=American Physiological Society |accessdate=March 23, 2015}} 3. ^Academia Sinica (Taiwan) Academician Profile: [https://db1n.sinica.edu.tw/textdb/ioconas/02.php?func=22&_op=?ID:L015 生命科學組 錢煦 (The Division of Life Sciences – Shu Chien)] 4. ^Lee Kuan Yew Distinguished Visitor Shu Chien (Nov 25, 2008, Singapore) 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/27/president-obama-honors-nation-s-top-scientists-and-innovators |title=President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators |accessdate=September 27, 2011 |date=September 27, 2011}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Gregersen|first=Magnus I.|last2=Bryant|first2=Cyrus A.|last3=Hammerle|first3=Walter E.|last4=Usami|first4=Shunichi|last5=Chien|first5=Shu|date=1967-08-18|title=Flow Characteristics of Human Erythrocytes through Polycarbonate Sieves|journal=Science|language=en|volume=157|issue=3790|pages=825–827|doi=10.1126/science.157.3790.825|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17842792}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Chien|first=Shu|last2=Usami|first2=Shunichi|last3=Dellenback|first3=Robert J.|last4=Gregersen|first4=Magnus I.|date=1967-08-18|title=Blood Viscosity: Influence of Erythrocyte Deformation|journal=Science|language=en|volume=157|issue=3790|pages=827–829|doi=10.1126/science.157.3790.827|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17842793}} 8. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.fi.edu/franklin-institute-awards |title=The 2016 Franklin Institute Awards Laureates |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date=}} External links
19 : 1931 births|Living people|Chinese emigrants to the United States|20th-century American engineers|21st-century American biologists|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering|Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences|Members of Academia Sinica|Peking University alumni|National Taiwan University alumni|Columbia University alumni|Columbia University faculty|University of California, San Diego faculty|Scientists from Beijing|Educators from Beijing|Taiwanese people from Beijing|Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering |
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