| 词条 | Shuliavka Republic |
| 释义 |
The Shuliavska Republic ({{lang-uk|Шулявська республіка}}; {{lang-ru|Шулявская республика}}) was a self-declared entity in Shuliavka neighborhood, Kiev by workers of the factory of Greter, Krivanek, & Co (today Bilshovyk Factory) and students of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute.[1] The uprising lasted a total of four days, from December 12–16 (O.S.; 26–29 in the Gregorian calendar), 1905. The Shuliavska Republic came to an end after the uprising was put down by the Imperial Russian Army. UprisingOn December 11, 1905 (O.S.), in a sign of support for the December Uprising in Moscow,[2] the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kiev decided to stage a mass uprising. On the next day, all major organisations of the city stopped their operation. The majority of the protesting workers were concentrated in the Shuliavska district. By a couple of hours after the start of the uprising, a "strict revolutionary order" was established.[1][2] Groups of about 150 armed workers were sent to patrol the territory,[1][2] which was headquartered in the first building of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. Shuliavka was declared a workers' republic,[3] where the citywide protest headquarters and the Council of Workers' Deputies were housed. Workers in the district proclaimed the republic as the sole authority in Kiev. Among the supporters of the protesting workers were the students and faculty of the Polytechnic Institute. ManifestoOn the first day of the uprising, the Council of Workers' Deputies published their manifesto, which proclaimed: {{quote|Citizens of the Shuliavska republic protest for the abolition of absolute monarchy, for the freedom of speech and assembly, for social services, for amnesty of political prisoners, for a national emancipation of Ukrainians, Poles, and Jews, and other nationalities of the Russian Empire, for the immediate end to the Jewish pogroms, which embarrasses our people.}}In addition, the workers demanded a pension, normal working conditions, the removal of unnecessary fines, better medical services, and a system of government protection.[4] EndThe ongoing conflict between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks in the Council and Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party slowed the growth of the uprising.[2] On December 15 (O.S.), the territory of Shuliavska was surrounded by the Imperial Russian Army and local authorities. The police, who, before then usually avoided the area,[5] began mass arrests and confiscated any weapons they found. In all, more than 78 people were arrested.[6] On the next day, the uprising was put down by a 2,000-strong armed force consisting mainly of the Special Corps of Gendarmes and Cossack cavalry.[2][3] References1. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917|last=Hamm|first=Michael F.|year=1993|publisher=Princeton University Press |location=|isbn=0-691-02585-1|pages=216–219}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Kudrytskyi|first=A.|title=Kyiv, Encyclopedic Directory|year=1981|publisher=Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia |location=Kyiv|pages=705}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://oldkiev.info/progulki_ulicami_Kieva/shulyavska.html|title=Something about Shuliavka|accessdate=2008-04-19|work=Old Kiev|language=Ukrainian}}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{cite news|first=Andrei|last=Manchuk|title=In defence of the "Shuliavska republic"|url=http://www.pk.kiev.ua/city/2007/01/19/110053.html|work=Gazeta po-Kievski|date=January 19, 2007|accessdate=2008-04-19|language=Russian|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080308161743/http://www.pk.kiev.ua/city/2007/01/19/110053.html|archivedate=March 8, 2008|df=}} 5. ^Hamm, pg. 217. 6. ^Hamm, pg. 219. External links
6 : 1905 labor disputes and strikes|1905 Russian Revolution|Former republics|History of Kiev|Riots and civil disorder in Ukraine|Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute |
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