| 词条 | Shunten |
| 释义 |
|name = Shunten {{linktext|舜|天}} |image = Chinsetsu Yumiharizuki 28-6 the enthronement of Sutemaru Cropped.jpg |caption = Shunten's enthronement in 1187 |reign = 1187–1237 |predecessor = |successor1 = Shunbajunki |birth_date = 1166 |birth_place = Urasoe, Okinawa |death_date = 1237 |burial_place = Urasoe yōdore |era dates = |succession = King of Ryūkyū |spouse = |spouses = |issue = |father = |mother = }}{{nihongo|Shunten|舜天||extra=1166–1237}}, also known as {{nihongo|Shunten-Ō|舜天王|extra=lit. "King Shunten"}}, was a chief[1] of the Ryūkyū Islands. Shunten is the earliest chief in Okinawa for whom a name is known. He is said to have taken power after defeating a usurper to the throne by the name of Riyū who had overthrown the 25th chief of the Tenson Dynasty.[2][1][4] OriginThe Chūzan Seikan (1650), the first official history of the Ryūkyūan Kingdom, and Chūzan Seifu (1701) state that Shunten was the son of Minamoto no Tametomo (1139–1170). Tametomo was exiled to a penal colony on Izu Ōshima following his defeat in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. According to the story, Tametomo then became lost at sea some time later, arrived on Okinawa, and settled down with the sister/daughter of the anji, or local chieftain, of Ōzato. Ōzato is located at the south of Okinawa Island in the present-day city of Nanjō. Shunten, according to the two histories, was the son of Tametomo and the sister/daughter of the Ōzato anji.[1][2][8] However, these works and story, not recorded in the Okinawan annals, were made six centuries after the alleged events probably because of the political circumstances - after Invasion of Ryukyu (1609) the kingdom, although still independent until 19th century, was subordinate to the Satsuma Domain and thus intermediary to the Tokugawa shogunate. The story is inspired by political interests to connect and legitimize the relation of Japan's imperial family with the Ryukyu Islands.[1] In the 12th century probably happened somekind of migration or association from the mainland with the Okinawan chieftains, but as the historical and archeological-traditional evidence indicate men from the defeated Taira clan who fled Minamoto's clan vengeance, at the time of mythological-historical writing in 17th century was mentioned Tametomo who was from the same Minamoto clan as the Tokugawa's shōguns.[1] During the Meiji period the myth was considered as an official and historical fact, especially in the constructed narrative Memorandum of Japan's sovereign rights to the Ryūkyū Islands, in response to the Chinese government's protest, as an evidence which concluded the Ryukyus relationship with Japan, and for the Japanese "legitimacy" and "sovereign right" of the annexation of the Ryukyu Kingdom in 1879.{{sfn|Loo|2014|p=32–34}} Early life and reignShunten was known as Sonton (尊敦) prior to becoming king. He became the became anji of Urasoe in 1180 at the age of 15 after gathering a base of popular support in the area. In 1187, he overthrew Riyū and established his royal seat of power at Urasoe Castle, marking the beginning of a new dynasty of rulers. Shunten's reign was long and progressive;[1] by legend he is said to have ruled for 51 years.[2] Family
Death and burialShunten died in 1237 at the age of 71 and was succeeded by his son Shunbajunki (1237 – 1248). He is buried at Urasoe yōdore, and enshrined at Naminoue Shrine along with three other Ryukyuan kings.[8][1] Shunten's dynasty ended in the third generation when his grandson Gihon abdicated, went into exile, and was succeeded by Eiso, who began a new royal lineage. See also
Notes1. ^Kerr, {{Google books|vaAKJQyzpLkC|p. 452.|page=452}} [2][3][4][5]2. ^1 2 3 "Shunten." Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People in Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 2002. p38. 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Kerr, George. (2000). {{Google books|vaAKJQyzpLkC|Okinawa: The History of an Island People, p. 52 |page=52}}; although the paramount leaders of Okinawa beginning with Shunten (c. 1166 – c. 1237) are commonly identified as "kings", Kerr observes that "it is misleading to attribute full-fledged 'kingship' to an Okinawan chief in these early centuries ... distinctly individual leadership exercised through force of personality or preeminent skill in arms or political shrewdness was only slowly replaced by formal institutions of government — laws and ceremonies — supported and strengthened by a developing respect for the royal office." 4. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Kokugo Daijiten |title=舜天 |trans-title=Shunten |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |accessdate=2013-07-10 |year=2013 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=Japanese |oclc=56431036 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archivedate=August 25, 2007 }} 5. ^1 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2002). {{Google books|UWY1JQAACAAJ|Japan Encyclopedia, p. 172.|page=172}} }} References
before= — | title=Chief of Ryūkyū Islands| years=1187–1237 | after=Shunbajunki| }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shunten}} 7 : 1166 births|1237 deaths|Kings of Okinawa|12th-century Ryukyuan monarchs|13th-century Ryukyuan monarchs|12th-century Ryukyuan people|Founding monarchs |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。