| 词条 | Shōrō | ||||||
| 释义 |
The two main types of bell tower in Japan The {{nihongo|shōrō, shurō|鐘楼|lit. bell tower}} or {{nihongo|kanetsuki-dō|鐘突堂|lit. bell-striking hall}} is the bell tower of a Buddhist temple in Japan, housing the temple's {{nihongo|bonshō|梵鐘}}. It can also be found at some Shinto shrines which used to be also shrines (see article Shinbutsu shūgō), as for example Nikkō Tōshō-gū. Two main types exist, the older {{nihongo|hakamagoshi|袴腰}}, which has walls, and the more recent {{nihongo|fukihanachi|吹放ち}} or {{nihongo|fukinuki|吹貫・吹抜き}}, which does not.[1] HistoryDuring the Nara period (710–794), immediately after the arrival of Buddhism in Japan bell towers were 3 x 2 bay, 2 storied buildings.[2] A typical temple garan had normally two, one to the left and one to the right of the kyōzō (or kyō-dō), the sūtra repository. An extant example of this style is Hōryū-ji's Sai-in Shōrō in Nara (see photo in the gallery). During the following Heian period (794–1185) was developed a new style called hakamagoshi which consisted of a 2 storied, hourglass-shaped building with the bell hanging from the second story.[2] The earliest extant example is Hōryū-ji's Tō-in Shōrō (see photo in the gallery). Finally, during the 13th century the fukihanachi type was created at Tōdai-ji by making all structural parts visible. The bell tower in this case usually consists of a 1-ken wide, 1-ken high structure with no walls and having the bell at its center (see photo above).[2] Sometimes the four pillars have an inward inclination called {{nihongo|uchikorobi|内転び|lit. inward fall}}. After the Nara period, in which temple layout was rigidly prescribed after the Chinese fashion, the position of the bell tower stopped being prescribed and began to change temple by temple.[2] Roofs are either {{nihongo|gabled|切妻造|kirizuma-zukuri}} or {{nihongo|hip-and-gable|入母屋造|irimoya-zukuri}}. GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite book | title=Nihon Kenchiku-shi | editor=Fujita Masaya, Koga Shūsaku | publisher=Shōwa-dō | date=April 10, 1990 | edition=September 30, 2008 | isbn=4-8122-9805-9 | page=82|language=Japanese}} {{commons category|Bell towers in Japan}}{{Japanese architectural elements}}{{Buddhist temples in Japan}}{{Shinto shrine}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Shoro}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Shourou|url=http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shourou.htm|publisher=JAANUS|accessdate=22 September 2010}} 5 : Japanese architectural features|Architecture of Japan|Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist architecture|Bell towers |
||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。