| 释义 |
- Christianity Criticism
- Other traditions
- Animal analogues
- Literary examples
- See also
- References
{{Redirect|Meek}}Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior. It has been defined several ways: righteous, humble, teachable, and patient under suffering, long suffering[1] willing to follow gospel teachings; an attribute of a true disciple.[2][3]Meekness has been contrasted with humility as referring to behavior towards others, whereas humility refers to an attitude towards oneself[4] – meekness meaning restraining one's own power,[5] so as to allow room for others.[6] Christianity- The Israelite Apostle Paul gave an example of meek behavior when writing to Timothy: "The servant of the Lord must be gentle, apt to teach, patient, in meekness instructing those that oppose themselves." (2 Tim. 2:24–25)
- Sir Thomas Browne explained: "Meekness takes injuries like pills, not chewing, but swallowing them down." This indicates that meekness allows a person to overlook or forgive perceived insults or offenses.[7]
- The meek feature in the Beatitudes, and were linked thereby to the classical virtue of magnanimity by Aquinas.[8]
- A meek behavior is presented as being opposite to "the natural man" (i.e. one who acts strictly according to desires of the body): 'Put off the natural man and become meek.' (Book of Mormon, Mosiah 3:19), and in 3 Nephi 12:5 when Jesus Christ appears to the people of ancient America after his Ascension to Heaven and teaches them the beatitudes.
- Apostle of Jesus Christ, Elder David A. Bednar, said in April 2018, "Meekness is a defining attribute of the Redeemer and is distinguished by righteous responsiveness, willing submissiveness, and strong self-restraint." He further said, "Whereas humility generally denotes dependence upon God and the constant need for His guidance and support, a distinguishing characteristic of meekness is a particular spiritual receptivity to learning both from the Holy Ghost and from people who may seem less capable, experienced, or educated, who may not hold important positions, or who otherwise may not appear to have much to contribute."[9]
Criticism- Beethoven rejected meekness and equality in favor of cultural elitism: “Power is the moral principle of those who excel others”.[10]
- Nietzsche rejected Christian meekness as part of a parasitic revolt by the low against the lofty, the manly, and the high.[11]
Other traditions- Buddhism, like Christianity, strongly values meekness[12] – the Buddha himself (in an earlier life) featuring as the 'Preacher of Meekness' who patiently had his limbs lopped off by a jealous king without complaining.[13]
- Taoism valorized the qualities of submission and non-contention.[14]
- Book of Numbers chapter 12 verse 3: Now the man Moses was very meek, above all the men which were upon the face of the earth.
- In Islam, faqr, sometimes translated as "poverty", is one of the central attitudes in a Faqeer. It was also one of the attributes of the Prophet. He said "faqr is my pride". In a spiritual sense, faqr is defined as the absence of desire for wealth, recognition or for the blessings of the otherworld. One of the aspects of one who has embodied the true essence of faqr, is that the mystic will never ask anything of anyone else.[15] The reason for this is for one to ask someone else for anything they would be relying on a created being. To receive something from that same being would produce gratitude in the heart which would be geared toward the giver, not towards God.[16]
Animal analogues- The classical Greek word used to translate meekness was that for a horse that had been tamed and bridled.[17]
- The buffalo was to the Buddhists a lesson in meekness.[18]
Literary examples- Meekness is used to characterise the nature of Tess in Tess of the D'Urbervilles.[19]
- The Heroine of Possession: A Romance judges the hero as "a gentle and unthreatening being. Meek, she thought drowsily, turning out the light. Meek."[20]
See also{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|- Gandhi
- Herd animal
- Passive resistance
- Patient Griselda
- Quakers
- Seven virtues
- Uriah Heap
}}References1. ^The Free Dictionary, Meekness
2. ^LDS.org Guide to the Scriptures, meekness
3. ^Neal A. Maxwell, Meekness -- A Dimension of True Discipleship, 1982
4. ^E. A. Cochran, Receptive Human Virtues (2011) p. 82
5. ^Matthew (1806). A Discourse Concerning Meekness. Hilliard
6. ^K. D. Bassett, Doctrinal Insight to the Book of Mormon (2008) p. 197
7. ^The Free Dictionary, Usages of meekness
8. ^C. S. Titus, Resilience and the Virtue of Fortitude (2006) p. 320
9. ^David A. Bednar (April 2018). [https://www.lds.org/general-conference/2018/04/meek-and-lowly-of-heart?lang=eng "Meek and Lowly of Heart"]. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
10. ^Quoted in Maynard Solomon, Beethoven Essays (1988) p. 204
11. ^W. Kaufman ed., The Portable Nietzsche (1987) p. 626-30
12. ^J. B. Carman, Majesty and Meekness (1994) p. 124
13. ^D. Schlinghoff, Studies in the Ajanta Paintings (1987) p. 219
14. ^D. C. Lau ed., Lao Tzu (1963) p. 25-9
15. ^{{cite book |title=Mystical Dimensions of Islam |author=Annemarie Schimmel |page=121 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |orig-year=1975 |format=reprint |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8078-9976-2}}
16. ^Khadim Sultan-ul-Faqr, Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hlyMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145&dq=what+is+faqr&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20faqr&f=false Sultan Bahoo: The Life and Teachings], page 145. Sultan-ul-Faqr Publications, Lahore. {{isbn|978-969-9795-18-3}}.
17. ^J. K. Bergland, The Journeys of Robert Williams ( 2010) p. 53
18. ^D. Schlinghoff, Studies in the Ajanta Paintings (1987) p. 144
19. ^H. Bloom, Thomas Hardy (2010) p. 84
20. ^A. S. Byatt, Possession: A Romance (1991) p. 141
2 : Christian ethics|Religious ethics |