词条 | Megacorporation |
释义 |
Real-life examplesAlthough the term itself arose out of science fiction,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} certain real-life corporations, such as colonial-era chartered companies and zaibatsu, have achieved or approached megacorporation status in various ways. The private Dutch East India Company, for example, operated 40 warships and had 10,000 private soldiers to monitor its farflung spice empire, while the British East India Company controlled a large colonial empire in the mid-19th century before the company was dissolved and its territories absorbed into the British Empire. The Hudson's Bay Company was once the world's largest landowner, exercising legal control and a trading monopoly on its territory known as Rupert's Land which consisted of 15% of the North American land mass. Today many countries have competition laws (also known as antitrust laws) to prevent real-life corporations from having mega-corporation characteristics. On the other hand, some countries protect a certain industry deemed important by mandating that only a single company, usually state owned, can operate in it. An example of the latter is Saudi Arabia, which gains the majority of its government revenues through its mega-corporation Saudi Aramco. ==See also==
References1. ^Bown, Stephen R.: Merchant Kings: When Companies Ruled the World, 1600–1900. (Thomas Dunne Books, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0312616113}}), p. 16 {{William Gibson}}{{Economic history of the Netherlands}}2. ^Capra, Fritjof; Mattei, Ugo: The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in Tune with Nature and Community. (Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2015, {{ISBN|978-1626562066}}), p. 63 3. ^Weststeijn, Arthur (2014), 'The VOC as a Company-State: Debating Seventeenth-Century Dutch Colonial Expansion,'. Itinerario 38(1): 13–34. {{doi|10.1017/S0165115314000035}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v23/n07/murray-sayle/japan-goes-dutch |title=Japan goes Dutch |publisher=London Review of Books, Vol. 23 No. 7 |author=Sayle, Murray |date=5 Apr 2001 |accessdate=8 August 2017 }} 5. ^{{cite book|title=The Globe Encompassed: The Age of European Discovery, 1500–1700|author=Ames, Glenn J.|year=2008|pages=102–103}} 6. ^Brook, Timothy: Vermeer's Hat: The Seventeenth Century and the Dawn of the Global World. (Bloomsbury Press, 2008, pp. 288, {{ISBN|978-1596915992}}) 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/adam-hanft/google-is-the-new-corporn_b_510659.html |author=Hanft, Adam |title=Google Is the New "CorporNation" - Half Company, Half Virtual Government |publisher=HuffingtonPost.com |quote=Adam Hanft: "A CorporNation's vast global influence enables it to function simultaneously in two realms: a for-profit company, and as a force that can shape the geopolitical landscape." |date=23 May 2010 |accessdate=23 May 2018 }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/fts/corpuschristi_201205A19.html |author=Phelan, Ben |title=Dutch East India Company: The World's First Multinational |publisher=PBS.org |date=7 Jan 2013 |accessdate=8 August 2017 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/rise-and-fall-of-united-east-india-2013-11 |author= Taylor, Bryan |title=The Rise and Fall of the Largest Corporation in History |publisher=BusinessInsider.com |date=6 Nov 2013 |accessdate=8 August 2017 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/starting-point-first-global-supply-chain |author=Grenville, Stephen |title=The first global supply chain |publisher=Lowy Institute |date=3 November 2017 |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-todays-tech-giants-compare-to-massive-companies-of-empires-past-2017-12 |author=Desjardins, Jeff |title=How today's tech giants compare to the massive companies of empires past |publisher=BusinessInsider.com |date=12 December 2017 |accessdate=28 May 2018 }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Library Data (A-M) - Traveller|url=http://wiki.travellerrpg.com/Library_Data_(A-M)|website=Traveller RPG Wiki|accessdate=12 June 2017|language=en}} 5 : William Gibson|Fictional companies|Cyberpunk themes|Chartered companies|History of the Dutch East India Company |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。