| 词条 | Siege of Sambhal |
| 释义 |
|conflict=Siege of Sambhal |partof=Mughal conquests |image= |caption= |date=1526 |place=Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh, India |result=Decisive Mughal victory{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} |territory=Sambhal taken by Mughals |combatant1=Mughal Empire{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} |combatant2=Western Afghan Confederates{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} |commander1=Babur Hindu Baig |commander2=Malik Baban Jilwani Kasim Sambhali |strength1=~150{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} |strength2=Larger{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} |casualties1=Heavy |casualties2=High }}{{Campaignbox Babur}} BackgroundBabur and his army were strangers to the people whom he had subdued in India and a mutual dislike soon manifested itself between his soldiers and the inhabitants of Agra his headquarters.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The invasion was regarded as a temporary inundation that would speedily pass off.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Every man in authority raised troops and put himself in a condition to act. Those who held delegated authority or Jagirs being generally Afghans were consequently hostile to the new state of things. They soon came to an understanding among themselves and took measures for mutual cooperation.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Western Afghan Confederates and AlliesHasan Khan of Mewat in the neighborhood of Agra was the grand instigator of the opposition which was supported by Nizam Khan in Biana; Muhammad Zaitoon of Dholpur; Tatar Khan Sarang khani in Gwalior; Hussein Khan Lohani in Raberi; Kutb Khan in Etawah; Alim Khan Jilal Khan Jighat in Kalpi; Kasim Sambhali in Sambhal and Marghoob a slave in Mahawan within 20 km of Agra.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Indeed, all of these chiefs were immediately around Agra or close upon its borders. They looked for aid from Maharana Sangram Singh better known as Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar, who on his part laid claim to a great part of the right bank of the Yamuna River including Delhi.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} These Western Afghans wished to place Sultan Mahmud Lodi a brother of the late Sultan Ibrahim Lodi on the throne of Delhi and so to preserve the Afghan and the Lodi dynasty.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} SiegeBabur's first active operation in the field was to dispatch a force to the relief of Sambhal a district lying beyond the Ganges in what is now called Rohilkhand. It was held by Kasim Sambhali who had formerly shown himself hostile to Babur but was glad to solicit his aid when at this time besieged in his chief town by Malik Baban Jilwani.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} This powerful and active Pathan chief had joined Babur after he had passed Sirhind but subsequently left him under circumstances which are not clear, but he probably was not satisfied with his reception as Babur complains with bitterness of his presumption and pretensions and of the rudeness and stupid forwardness of the Pathans in general.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} However that may be, Baban had withdrawn himself from Babur's camp had collected an army and now besieged Kasim in Sambhal which he had discovered was ill garrisoned. Kasim reduced to the last extremity applied to Babur for assistance.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The Emperor dispatched Hindu Baig with a body of Turks-Mughals along with Sheikh Kuren and his Doab Turkishbunds to his succor.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Hindu Baig marched with all possible expedition till he reached the Ganges and while busily employed in conveying his other troops across that river sent on in advance a Mughal officer with a body of his countrymen.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Though the party did not exceed a 150 men, they rode forward till they reached the town and such was the superiority which the invaders from the north had acquired over the troops of the country that the Mughals had no sooner got between the town and the besiegers than they resolutely turned and charged them though already the alarm had been given and Baban had had time to draw out his force.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The attack was so vigorous and probably the panic produced by the expected approach of the rest of the detachment so great that Baban's whole army was routed and dispersed several elephants taken and many slaughtered.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Next day Hindu Baig arrived with the rest of the troops and had an interview with Kasim Sambhali who made some difficulty about giving up the place.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} He was soon however seized by stratagem and the fort itself taken possession of. His family and followers were allowed to retire to Bayana.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} AftermathBabur's success did not end here. The fortress of Raberi on the Yamuna was soon after abandoned by its garrison and occupied by his troops and he sent detachments to besiege Etawah and Dholpur two places of the greatest importance from their vicinity to Agra.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} But these initial victories brought him in direct conflict with the Western and Eastern Afghan confederates at once.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Babur then sent an army under his son Humayun who would put to flight the army of the Eastern confederates and take Jaunpur, Oudh, Kalpi.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Meanwhile, the Western Afghan confederates were being gradually swallowed up by Rajput Rana Sanga in the guise of alliance and protection.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} This was increasingly posing as a major threat to Babur.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} He was justly alarmed at the progress of Rana Sanga who was in active correspondence with Hasan Khan of Mewat the chief of the Afghan confederacy of the West and had acknowledged as Sultan of Delhi, Mahmud Lodi, the brother of the late Sultan Ibrahim Lodi whom the western Afghans had proclaimed King after his brother's death.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} This would ultimately result in the confrontation known as the Battle of Khanwa.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} ReferencesTURK AUR SAMBHAL by Mohd Usman, 2011. TURK-ASIA,EUROPE,AFRICA by Mohd Usman Published by VANI PRAKASHAN, New Delhi, INDIA, 2011. Notes{{Mughal Empire|state=collapsed}}{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}TURK AUR SAMBHAL by Mohd Usman, 2011. 3 : Battles involving the Mughal Empire|1526 in India|Conflicts in 1526 |
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