词条 | Siege of Stralsund (1678) |
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|conflict=Battle of Stralsund |partof=Scanian War |date=10/11 October 1678 |place=Stralsund, Swedish Pomerania (now in Germany) |result=Brandenburg-Prussia victory
|combatant1={{flagicon|Brandenburg}} Brandenburg-Prussia |combatant2={{flagicon|Sweden}} Swedish Empire |commander1=Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg |commander2=Otto Wilhelm von Königsmarck |strength1= |strength2= |casualties1= |casualties2= }}{{Campaignbox Scanian War}}{{Battles of Stralsund}} The Siege of Stralsund was a battle between the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Swedish Empire on 10 and 11 October 1678, during the Scanian War.[1] After two days of bombardment, the severely devastated Swedish fortress of Stralsund surrendered to the Brandenburgers.[1] The remainder of Swedish Pomerania was taken by the end of the year,[2] yet most of the province including Stralsund was returned to Sweden by the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and the Peace of Lund, both concluded in 1679. PreludeThe Scanian War reached Swedish Pomerania when after the Battle of Fehrbellin (1675) the retreating Swedish forces were pursued by a Brandenburgian army under "Great Elector" Frederick William I's command.[1] Stralsund was one of only two major fortresses Sweden maintained in Pomerania, the other one being Stettin.[3] After the Brandenburgian army had captured Stettin and Wolgast, Stralsund was seriously threatened.[1] In addition, Danish forces had landed on Rügen in 1677, aided by a disloyal Rugian noble.[4] Thus, all buildings outside the fortifications were levelled in 1677 to strip an imminent Brandenburgian attack of cover.[1] Stralsund then held a population of 8,500, including armed burghers,[5] and close to 5,000 Swedish, German and Finnish foot and horse.[6] SiegeFrederick William I positioned his artillery south of the town and started bombardment on 10 October 1678.[1] His aim was to force Swedish commander Otto Wilhelm von Königsmarck[7] into surrender by abundantly firing incendiary bombs on the burghers' mansions.[1] The small, newly created Brandenburgian navy also took part in the siege.[8] Most of the southern half of the town was destroyed when the defendants surrendered the town on 11 October,[1] namely 285 houses, 476 huts, and 194 servant dwellings.[9][10] Aftermath{{multiple image|image1=Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg 3.jpeg|image2=Otto Wilhelm von Königsmarck.jpg|width1=120|width2=130|footer=Frederick William I (left) and Königsmarck (right)|align=left}}Despite great efforts of Frederick William I to win the loyalty of the Swedish Pomeranian population,[11] including generous aid programs to rebuild Stralsund and Stettin,[12] most remained loyal to Sweden.[13] After the fall of Stralsund, there were only few Swedish-held areas left in Swedish Pomerania, all of which Frederick William I had cleared by the end of 1678.[2] Stralsund was returned to Sweden in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679).[1] Due to the devastating bombardment and another fire on 12 June[10] 1680, the population was reduced to about 6,000, with an additional 2,000 garrisoned Swedes.[5] After the 1680 fire destroyed an additional 48 houses, 89 huts, and 82 servant dwellings, only 205 houses, 408 huts, and 158 servant dwellings were still standing.[14] {{clear}}See also
SourcesReferences1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Grabinsky (2006), p.12 2. ^1 Bohmbach (2003), p.298 3. ^Langer (2003), p. 397 4. ^Meier (2008), p.18 5. ^1 Lorenz (2003), p.429 6. ^Lorenz (2003), p.428 7. ^Rystad (2001), p.333 8. ^van der Heyden (2001), p.12 9. ^Markfort (2006), p.181 10. ^1 Kroll (2003), p.107 11. ^Meier (2008), p.71 12. ^Meier (2008), p.166 13. ^Meier (2008), p.71 14. ^Kroll (2003), p.108 Bibliography{{refbegin}}
7 : Scanian War|Conflicts in 1678|Sieges involving Sweden|Swedish Pomerania|Stralsund|Battles involving Brandenburg-Prussia|Battles in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
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