| 词条 | Siegfried von Forstner | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name= Siegfried von Forstner |birth_date={{birth date|1910|9|19|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1943|10|13|1910|9|19|df=y}} |image=File:Siegfried von Forstner.jpg |birth_place=Hannover |death_place=Atlantic Ocean {{KIA}} |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|Weimar Republic}} (to 1933) {{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch={{navy|Weimar Republic}} {{navy|Nazi Germany}} |serviceyears=1930–43 |rank=Korvettenkapitän posthumously promoted to Fregattenkapitän |commands={{GS|U-402||2}} |unit=SSS Niobe cruiser Emden survey vessel Meteor battleship Hessen cruiser Admiral Scheer cruiser Nürnberg Panzerschiff Deutschland {{GS|U-99|1940|2}} |battles=World War II
|awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |laterwork=}} Korvettenkapitän Siegfried Freiherr von Forstner{{ref label|Note1|a|a}} (19 September 1910 – 13 October 1943{{ref label|Note2|b|b}}) was a German U-boat commander during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He and his entire crew of {{GS|U-402||2}} were killed in action on 13 October 1943. BackgroundVon Forstner was the son of an aristocratic Prussian family whose men had served for generations as Army and Navy officers. His younger brother Wolfgang Friedrich (born in 1916) was also a U-boat commander, and two other brothers (Ernst Richard and Hans Dietrich) were Army officers. Wolfgang was the only brother to survive World War II.[1] Their great-grandfather and grandfather had been army officers, and their father was a general, Ernst Freiherr von Forstner (1869–1950), who had won the Pour le Mérite with cluster as a regimental commander during World War I.[2] Their uncle George Gunther von Forstner had commanded {{SMU|U-1|Germany|2}} and {{SMU|U-28|Germany|2}} during World War I,[1] and another uncle of the Imperial Navy had died in that conflict.[2] CareerSiegfried von Forster joined the Kriegsmarine in 1930 and served four years on the {{ship|German cruiser|Nürnberg}} following training as an artillery technical officer. Many of his year group were already at sea in submarines when he entered U-boat school in 1940. Von Forstner received training as a student commander aboard {{GS|U-99|1940|2}} under his Naval School classmate Otto Kretschmer.[1] After a 5-month tour in {{GS|U-59|1939|2}}, von Forstner assumed command of {{GS|U-402||2}}. Von Forstner carried out eight combat patrols in U-402 sinking 14 merchantmen and one warship and damaging three other ships. Von Forstner married in Hamburg in December, 1940, while waiting to take command of U-402. His wife Annamaria made distinctive red pom-poms for the crew of U-402 to wear on their uniform hats.[3] The Baron and Baroness saved their home in Hamburg from burning during August, 1943, air-raids by staying on the roof and extinguishing incendiary bombs.[4] No ships were sunk during the first U-402 patrol from 26 October 1941 to 9 December 1941. On the second patrol von Forstner damaged the 12000-ton troopship {{MV|Llangibby Castle||2}} off the Bay of Biscay on 16 January 1942 but the damaged troopship was able to make repairs in the Azores.[5] Von Forstner then made two patrols off the Atlantic coast of the United States. He sank a 4800-ton ship en route and then sank the 5300-ton Russian tanker Ashkabad and the 602-ton converted yacht {{USS|Cythera|PY-26|6}} off Cape Hatteras on 2 May 1942.[6] On the next patrol, U-402 was depth charged by patrol bombers off Cape Hatteras in mid-July and suffered a battery explosion.[1] Von Forstner received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for torpedoing twelve ships from convoy SC 107 and convoy SC 118. Baron von Forstner sank two ships during a submerged daylight attack on convoy SC 129 before U-402 was depth charged and damaged by the corvette {{HMS|Gentian|K90|2}}.[7] Following departure for her last patrol on 4 September 1943, U-402 shot down an attacking RAF 172 Squadron Vickers Wellington bomber over the Bay of Biscay,[8] The submarine also provided flak protection for {{GS|U-377||2}} when the latter was attacked by a B-24 Liberator bomber during the battle of Convoy ON 202.[9] A U-boat believed by the Allied Anti-Submarine Assessment Committee to be U-402 was sunk with all hands on 13 October 1943 by a Mark 24 FIDO Torpedo dropped by Grumman TBF Avenger aircraft from {{USS|Card|CVE-11|6}}.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Summary of careerShips attackedAs commander of {{GS|U-402||2}} Siegfried von Forstner is credited with the sinking of 14 ships for a total of {{GRT|70,434|disp=long}}, further damaging three ships of {{GRT|28,682}} and sinking one auxiliary warship of {{GRT|602}}.
Awards
Footnotes
ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 Waters December 1966 p.99 2. ^1 Waters 1967 p.260 3. ^Waters 1967 p.266 4. ^Waters 1967 p.267 5. ^Blair 1996 pp.489-492 6. ^Blair 1996 p.544 7. ^Blair 1998 p.329 8. ^Blair 1998 pp.420&762 9. ^Waters 1967 p.268 10. ^Blair 1998 p.432 11. ^Cressman 2000 p.187 12. ^Kafka & Pepperburg 1946 p.1085 13. ^Lenton 1976 p.180 14. ^Taylor 1967 p.125 15. ^Waters December 1966 p.105 16. ^Waters 1967 p.269 17. ^{{Cite web |url= http://uboat.net/boats/successes/u402.html |title= Ships hit by U-402 |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |accessdate= 29 December 2014}} 18. ^1 2 3 Busch & Röll 2003, p. 315. 19. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 314. 20. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 184. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Busch |first1=Rainer |last2=Röll |first2=Hans-Joachim |year=2003 |title=Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 |trans-title=The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945 |language=German |location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany |publisher=Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn |isbn=978-3-8132-0515-2 }}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
External links
|last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |title=Siegfried von Forstner |url=http://uboat.net/men/forstner.htm |accessdate=15 April 2015 }}{{Subject bar | portal1=Biography | portal2=Military of Germany | portal3=Submarine | portal4=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Forstner, Siegfried von}} 10 : 1910 births|1943 deaths|U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|German military personnel killed in World War II|People lost at sea|Reichsmarine personnel|Barons of Germany|People from Hanover|People from the Province of Hanover |
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