“Mehrauli”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Mehrauli is one of the seven ancient cities that make up the present state of Delhi. Mehrauli is derived from a Sanskrit word Mihira-awali. It signifies the town- ship where the well known astronomer Varaha-Mihira of Vikramaditya’s court lived along with his helpers, mathematicians and technicians.

The Lal Kot fort was constructed by the ^[2]Tanwar chief Anangpal I around 731{{nbsp}}AD and expanded by AnangPal II in the 11th{{nbsp}}century, who shifted his capital to Lal Kot from Kannaujs The Tanwars were defeated by the Chauhans in the 12th century. Prithviraj Chauhan further expanded the fort and called it Qila Rai Pithora. He was defeated and killed in 1192 by Mohammed Ghori, who put his general Qutb-ud-din Aybak in charge and returned to Afghanistan. Subsequently in 1206, after the death of Mohammed Ghori, Qutubuddin enthroned himself as the first Sultan of Delhi. Thus Delhi became the capital of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (Slave dynasty), the first dynasty of Muslim sultans to rule over northern India.^[3] Mehrauli remained the capital of the Mamluk dynasty which ruled until 1290. During the Khalji dynasty, the capital shifted to Siri.^[3]

In 12th-century Jain scriptures, the location is also mentioned as Yogninipura, now noticeable by the presence of the "Yogmaya Temple", near the Qutub Minar complex, believed to have been built by the Pandavas.^[4]

Geography and climate

Mehrauli lies in the South district of Delhi at {{coord|28|30|57|N|77|10|39|E |region:IN-DL_type:city}}. To its north lies Malviya Nagar. Vasant Kunj lies to its West and Tughlakabad to its south.

Like the rest of Delhi, Mehrauli has a semi-arid climate with high variation between summer and winter temperatures. While the summer temperatures may go up to 46 °C, the winters can seem freezing to people used to a warm climate with near 0 °C.

The soil of Mehrauli consists of sandy loam to loam texture. The water level has gone down in the recent past hovering between 45 m to 50 m due to rise in population.^[5]

Architecture

Though Mehrauli is like any ordinary neighbourhood today, its past is what distinguishes it in terms of architecture.

Ahinsa Sthal is a Jain temple located in Mehrauli, Delhi. The main deity of the temple is Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara (human spiritual guide) of a present half cycle of time. A magnificent statue of Tirthankara Mahāvīra is installed here.

Even though the capital shifted from Mehrauli after the Slave dynasty rule came to an end, many other dynasties contributed significantly to Mehrauli's architecture.

The most visible piece of architecture remains the which was initiated by Qutub ud din Aybak with subsequent additions by Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji.^[6] The Qutb complex is today a UNESCO world heritage site,^[7] and also the venue for the annual Qutub Festival.

There are several pillars of temples adjacent to Qutb Minar , but they are in damaged condition.

Mausoleum of a 13th century, Sufi saint, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki is also situated near the Qutub Minar Complex and the venue for the annual Phoolwalon-ki-sair Festival. The dargah complex also houses graves of later Mughal emperors, Bahadur Shah I, Shah Alam II, and Akbar II, in an adjacent marble enclosure. To the left of the dargah, lies Moti Masjid, a small mosque, built for private prayer by the son of Aurangzeb, Bahadur Shah I.

Balban's tomb belonging to Balban, Slave dynasty ruler of Delhi Sultanate was constructed here in the 13th century can still be seen though in a dilapidated condition. The architecturally important structure as it is the first true arch in Indo-Islamic architecture, Another tomb, that of Balban's son, Khan Shahid, who died before he could be crowned, is also located nearby in Mehrauli Archeological Park.

A baoli or stepwell known as Rajon Ki Baoli was constructed in 1506 during Sikandar Lodhi's reign. It was used to store water though it is now completely dried and is now known as Sukhi Baoli (dry well).^[8]

The Jamali Kamali mosque was built in 1528,^[9] in honour of the Sufi saint Shaikh Hamid bin Fazlullah, also known as Dervish Shaikh Jamali Kamboh Dihlawi or Jalal Khan. The saint's tomb built in 1536 upon his death is adjacent to the mosque.

The Adham Khan's Tomb was constructed by Emperor Akbar in memory of his foster brother and general Adham Khan in 1566. The tomb, also known as Bhulbhulaiyan, as one could get lost in the labyrinth of its passages,^[10] it was later used by the British as a residence, rest house and even as a police station. Close to Adham Khan's tomb, lies that of another Mughal General, Muhammad Quli Khan,^[11] later it served as the residence of Sir Thomas Metcalfe, Governor-General’s Agent at the Mughal court.^[10]^[12] The Mehrauli Archaeological Park spread over 200 acres, adjacent to Qutb Minar site was redeveloped in 1997.

Politics

In the 2013 Delhi Assembly Elections, Parvesh Verma of BJP was elected as the MLA of Mehrauli. He succeeded Yoganand Shastri, former Delhi Assembly Speaker affiliated to the Indian National Congress

Mehrauli Assembly Constituency comprises four municipal wards, namely, ward 169 Lado Sarai (W), ward 170 Mehrauli (GEN), ward 171 Vasant Kunj (SCW) and ward 172 Kishangarh (W). All four wards are represented by women councillors in the Municipal Corporation.^[13]

Schools

2008 blasts

Concealed in a black polythene bag, a bomb was dropped by two unidentified persons riding a motorcycle In Sarai Electronic Market in New Delhi on September 27, 2008. Exactly a fortnight after three of the Capital’s top markets were targeted by terrorists, a medium-intensity blast ripped through the congested flower market in South Delhi’s Mehrauli area killing at least two and injuring 22 others.

Accessibility

Areas in South Delhi

Historical architecture in Mehrauli

See also

References

1. ^http://www.india.com/news/india/delhi-assembly-election-constituency-wise-results-2015-complete-list-of-winning-mlas-277522/
2. ^{{cite book|author=Rahul Khari|title=Jats and Gujars: origin, history and culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=28 September 2011|date=5 January 2007|publisher=Reference Press|isbn=978-81-8405-031-8|quote=In the contemporary Delhi, there are about 75 villages inhabited by the Gujars out of which 12 villages happened to be in Mehrauli where Gujars belonging to Tomar clan dwell, who call themselves 'Tanwar'.}}
3. ^¹{{cite web |title=Seven Cities Of Delhi: Mehrauli| url = http://delhigovt.nic.in/dept/prj/visitor/city.asp?opt=2 |publisher=Government of Delhi Official website|accessdate = 16 September 2006}}
4. ^Yogmaya Temple
5. ^{{cite web |title=Rainwater level in Delhi |url=http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/index_files/pt_gadipur.htm |accessdate=15 September 2006}}
6. ^{{cite web | title = Article on Delhigate.com | url = http://www.delhigate.com/qt_index.htm | accessdate = 16 September 2006 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060906212132/http://www.delhigate.com/qt_index.htm | archivedate = 6 September 2006 | df = }}
7. ^{{cite web | title = UNESCO website | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233 | accessdate = 16 September 2006}}
8. ^¹²{{cite news |title=Well worth a visit |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/well-worth-a-visit/456832/ |publisher= Indian Express|date=10 May 2009 }}
9. ^Jamali Kamali Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.
10. ^¹Qutub Complex {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603104535/http://www.the-south-asian.com/Oct2001/Qutub%20Complex2.htm |date=2008-06-03 }} www.the-south-asian.com.
11. ^[https://www.flickr.com/photos/g_c/223042603/in/set-72157594248301894/ Tomb of Muhammad Quli Khan - Images]
12. ^The tomb of Muhammad Quli Khan, brother of Adham Khan,.. British Library.
13. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041209800400.htm | title=Satbir Singh elected Mayor of Delhi | date=12 April 2005 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=26 July 2018 }}

History