| 词条 | Simnia spelta |
| 释义 |
| image = Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) 1.jpg | image_caption = a live Simnia spelta on soft coral Leptogorgia sarmentosa | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Mollusca | classis = Gastropoda | unranked_superfamilia = clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha | superfamilia = Cypraeoidea | familia = Ovulidae | subfamilia = Simniinae | genus = Simnia | species = S. spelta | binomial = Simnia spelta | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms = *Bulla spelta Linnaeus, 1758
}} Simnia spelta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, which are cowrie allies sometimes called "false cowries".[1] It was first described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. DescriptionSimnia spelta grows to a length of about {{convert|20|mm|1|abbr=on}}. The shell is roughly egg or cigar-shaped with a flattened base. It is strong, thick, smooth and glossy, with inrolled edges at the sides of the long aperture on the underside. The colouring varies according to the species of gorgonian on which it is living.[3] The background colour of the shell is white, yellow, pink or orange, often with white spots or dark spots, marbling or streaks, providing camouflage. As is commonly the case in Simnia species, the colour of all the visible soft parts normally matches the colour of the gorgonian on which the snail is grazing, as the pigment from the gorgonian is retained in the mantle of the mollusk.[3]DistributionSimnia spelta was at one time considered to be endemic to the western Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea, but it is now known to occur also in the eastern Atlantic Ocean between the Bay of Biscay, the Canary Islands and Angola. Its normal habitat is living on gorgonians, or sea fans, at depths down to about {{convert|10|m}}.[2]EcologySimnia spelta is a specialist predator on gorgonians of the genera Eunicella, Paramuricea and Lophogorgia. It feeds on the polyps and the coenenchyme, the living connective tissue that surrounds the horny skeleton, but does not graze excessively and therefore does not kill its host. The sexes are separate in this species, and fertilisation is internal. Eggs are laid on the branches of the host species and resemble the natural warty appearance of the stems.[2]The white gorgonian Eunicella singularis is one of the sea fans with which this snail associates. On this host the snail is normally white and mimics the twigs in appearance. It feeds and lays its eggs on the gorgonian branches.[7] Afterwards, epibionts grow on the denuded branches.[3] References1. ^1 {{WRMS species|478341|Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)|||Gofas, S. (2010). Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=478341 on 5 June 2010}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://doris.ffessm.fr/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=310 |title=Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) |author1=Reguieg, Aedwina |author2=Sittler, Alain-Pierre |author3=Müller, Yves |language=French |date=27 November 2014 |work=DORIS |accessdate=20 December 2014}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://doris.ffessm.fr/fiche2.asp?fiche_numero=239 |title=Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) |author1=Dumas, Jacques |author2=Maran, Vincent |author3=Ader, Denis |author4=Huet, Sylvie |language=French |date=27 January 2014 |work=DORIS |accessdate=20 December 2014}} External links{{Taxonbar|from=Q7518054}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Simnia Spelta}} 4 : Ovulidae|Gastropods described in 1758|Fauna of the Adriatic Sea|Molluscs of the Atlantic Ocean |
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