| 词条 | Simon White |
| 释义 |
| name = Simon David Manton White | image = File:Simon White at RAS NAM 2012.jpg | caption = Simon White speaking at the 2012 National Astronomy Meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1951|9|30}} | birth_place = Ashford, Kent, England | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | nationality = | spouse = Guinevere Kauffmann | field = Astrophysics and cosmology | work_institution = University of California, Berkeley University of Arizona University of Cambridge Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics | alma_mater = Jesus College, Cambridge University of Toronto | doctoral_advisor = Donald Lynden-Bell | doctoral_students = | thesis_title = The Clustering of Galaxies[1] | thesis_year = 1977 | known_for = Cosmological structure formation | societies = | prizes = {{no wrap|Helen B. Warner Prize (1986) Heineman Prize (2005) Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (2006) Brouwer Award (2008) Max Born Prize (2010) Shaw Prize (2017)}} | religion = | footnotes = }} Simon David Manton White (born 30 September 1951), FRS, is a British astrophysicist. He is one of four directors at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. LifeWhite studied Mathematics at Jesus College, Cambridge in the University of Cambridge (B.A. 1972) and Astronomy at the University of Toronto (M.Sc. 1974). In 1977 he obtained a doctorate in Astronomy under Donald Lynden-Bell entitled "The Clustering of Galaxies" at the University of Cambridge. After a few years at the University of California, Berkeley, the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona and the University of Cambridge he was appointed in 1994 as a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and as Director of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching. White is also Research Professor at the University of Arizona (1992), Guest Professor at the University of Durham (1995) Honorary Professor at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich (1994) and at the Astronomical Observatories of Shanghai (SHAO) (1999) and Beijing (BAO) (2001). White lives in Munich with his wife, the astrophysicist Guinevere Kauffmann, and their son Jonathan.[2] WorkWhite has worked primarily on the formation of structure in the Universe. He is known for his contributions to our understanding of galaxy formation and for his role in helping to establish the viability of the current standard model for the evolution of cosmic structure, the so-called ΛCDM model. Already at the time of his doctoral work he studied the influence of Dark Matter on the growth of structure and in 1978 he and Martin Rees argued that the properties of galaxies can be understood if they form by condensation of gas at the centres of extended and hierarchically clustering dark matter halos.[3] In later years White developed computer models which allowed the growth of galaxies and galaxy clustering to be simulated directly in order to allow quantitative comparison of theoretical models with astronomical observations. His work with Marc Davis, George Efstathiou and Carlos Frenk was particularly influential in establishing that a universe dominated by Cold Dark Matter could produce large-scale structure in the galaxy distribution which closely resembles that observed.[4] A more recent large project was the Millennium Simulation, carried out in Garching in 2005 as part of the work of a large international collaboration, the Virgo Consortium. This simulation followed the formation of more than 2,000,000 galaxies throughout a cubic region more than 2 billion light-years on a side.[5] Work by White has addressed issues of stellar dynamics, of the detailed structure of galaxies and their dark halos, of the processes controlling galaxy formation, of the structure and evolution of galaxy clusters, and of the statistics of galaxy clustering. Papers include those with Julio Navarro and Carlos Frenk on the "universal" structure of dark matter halos.[6] The Navarro–Frenk–White profile is named after them. White's more than 500 publications in the refereed professional literature have been cited more than 168,000 times by other scientists (status end-2018 according to Google Scholar). Awards and honours
References{{commons category|Simon White}}1. ^{{MathGenealogy|id=112307}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~swhite |title=Simon D. M. White |website=mpa-garching.mpg.de |accessdate=10 September 2012}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=White|first=Simon|last2=Rees|first2=Martin|date=May 1978|title=Core condensation in heavy halos - A two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=183|pages=341-358|doi = 10.1093/mnras/183.3.341|bibcode = 1978MNRAS.183..341W }} 4. ^{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Marc |last2=Efstathiou |first2=George |last3=Frenk |first3=Carlos |last4=White |first4=Simon |date=May 1985 |title=The evolution of large-scale structure in a universe dominated by cold dark matter |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=292 |pages=371-394 |doi=10.1086/163168 |bibcode=1985ApJ...292..371D}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Springel|first1=Volker|display-authors=etal|title=Simulations of the formation, evolution and clustering of galaxies and quasars|journal=Nature|date=June 2005|volume=435|pages=629-636|doi=10.1038/nature03597|arxiv=astro-ph/0504097|bibcode=2005Natur.435..629S}} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=Navarro, Julio |author2=Frenk, Carlos|author3=White, Simon|title=A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=December 1997 |volume=490 |issue=2 |pages=493-508 |doi=10.1086/304888 |arxiv=astro-ph/9611107 |bibcode=1997ApJ...490..493N}} 7. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.gruberprizes.org/PressReleases/PressRelease_2011_Cosmology.php |title='Gang of Four' Receives $500,000 Gruber Cosmology Prize for Reconstructing How the Universe Grew |date=1 June 2011 |publisher=Gruber Foundation |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608063703/http://www.gruberprizes.org/PressReleases/PressRelease_2011_Cosmology.php |archive-date=2011-06-08}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cas.cn/tz/201512/t20151207_4488383.shtml |title=关于公布2015年中国科学院院士增选当选院士名单的公告 |language=Chinese |trans-title=Announcement on the publication of the list of academicians elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2015 |date=7 December 2015 |publisher=Chinese Academy of Sciences}} 9. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=5&twoid=79&threeid=264&fourid=501 |publisher=The Shaw Prize |title=Announcement of The Shaw Laureates 2017 |date=23 May 2017}} External links
9 : British astronomers|1951 births|Living people|Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|People from Ashford, Kent|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences|Winners of the Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics |
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