| 词条 | Sinodendron rugosum |
| 释义 |
| name = Sinodendron rugosum | image = Sinodendron_rugosum.jpg | image_caption = Male Sinodendron rugosum | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Coleoptera | familia = Lucanidae | subfamilia = Syndesinae | genus = Sinodendron | species = S. rugosum | binomial = Sinodendron rugosum | binomial_authority = (Mannerheim, 1843) }} Sinodendron rugosum is a species of the family Lucanidae, the stag beetles. It is commonly referred to as the rugose stag beetle, and is the only known member of the genus Sinodendron to occur in western North America. DescriptionThe adults of this species exhibit sexual dimorphism, a common trait in Lucanidae, as well as unopposable clubbed antennae. Both sexes are {{convert|11|-|18|mm}} in length, black in coloration, and have small mandibles. The pronotum and elytra are covered in many small pits, leading to an overall rugose appearance. The head of the male is much narrower than the pronotum, and has a short, median rhinoceros-like horn. The female either lacks a horn or has a small median tubercle.[1][2] RangeSinodendron rugosum is found in moist woodlands from British Columbia to California.[3] Adults are commonly found on the ground from spring to early summer.[2]Life historyThe white, C-shaped larvae hatch on bark and tunnel inward, creating pupal chambers in decaying wood.[3] They have been associated with oak, alder, willow and cherry.[4] Adults may feed on plant juices or aphid honeydew.[3] The horn of the male is occasionally used in combat with other males in order to establish dominance when competing for mates.[1] PredatorsSinodendron rugosum has been identified as one of many species eaten by the Northern Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis.[5]External links{{Commons category|Sinodendron rugosum}}{{Wikispecies|Sinodendron rugosum}}References1. ^1 {{cite book |author=B. C. Ratcliffe |year=2002 |chapter=23. Lucanidae Latreille 1804 |pages=6–9 |editor1=R. H. Arnett |editor2=M. Thomas |editor3=P. E. Skelley |editor4=J. H. Frank |title=American Beetles, Volume 2 |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton, Florida |isbn=0-8493-0954-9}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2577863}}2. ^1 {{cite book |author1=Peter Haggard |author2=Judy Haggard |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Insects of the Pacific Northwest |location=Portland, OR |publisher=Timber Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-88192-689-2}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=Nicholas W. Griffin |publisher=Whitman College |accessdate=May 11, 2010 |url=http://www.whitman.edu/environmental_studies/JWC/griffin.htm#rsb |work=A Field Guide to the Fauna of the Johnston Wilderness Campus, Umatilla County, Oregon |title=Rugose Stag Beetle (Sinodendron rugosum)}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Dorothy McKey-Fender |year=1948 |title=Distribution in certain Lucanidae |pages=43–44 |journal=The Coleopterists Bulletin |volume=2 |issue=5 |jstor=3998776}} 5. ^{{cite thesis |author=Eric Forsman |title=A Preliminary Investigation of the Spotted Owl in Oregon |degree=M.Sc. |publisher=Oregon State University |year=1976 |accessdate=May 11, 2010 |url=http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/jspui/bitstream/1957/7272/1/Forsman_Eric.pdf |format=PDF}} 3 : Syndesinae|Beetles of North America|Beetles described in 1843 |
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