| 词条 | Sinte Romani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Sinte Romani | altname = Sinte, Sinti, Sintí, Sinte-Manuš, Romani, Romany, European Romany, Rommanes, Romanes, Manuche, Manouche, Manush, Manuš, Tsigane, Zigeuner, Ziguener | nativename = | states = Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, France, Netherlands, Serbia, Croatia | ethnicity = Sinti | speakers = 195,200 | date = 2000–2014 | ref = e19 | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = Indo-Iranian | fam3 = Indo-Aryan | fam4 = Western Zone | fam5 = Romani | dialects = Abbruzzesi, Eftawagaria, Estracharia, Gadschkene, Kranaria, Krantiki, Lallere, Manouche (Manuche, Manush, Manuš), Piedmont Sintí, Praistiki, Serbian Romani.Slovenian-Croatian, Venetian Sinti | iso3 = rmo | glotto = sint1235 | glottorefname = Sinte Romani | fam6 = Northwestern Romani | script = Latin }}{{about|the Romani dialect|the Sinti Romani people|Sinti}}Sinte Romani (also known as Sintenghero Tschib(en), Sintitikes, Manuš or Romanes {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ɪ|s}}[1]) is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, some parts of Northern Italy and other adjacent regions. It is often known as 'the language of the Gypsies', a generally derogatory term used to describe the Romani people (at least when used by non-Romani people; some Romani people may self-identify as Gypsies in in-group usage). Sinte Romani is characterized by significant German influence and is not mutually intelligible with other forms of Romani.[2] The language is written in Latin script and is included in Indo-European, Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian language groups.[3] OverviewThe name Romani derives from řom, the historical self-designation of speakers of the Romani language group. Romani is sometimes written as Romany (often in English), but native speaking people use the word Romani for the language. Historically, Romani people have been known for being nomadic, but today only a small percent of Romani people are unsettled due to forced assimilation and government interventions.[4] Sinte Romani is a dialect of Romani and belongs to the Northwestern Romani dialect group, which also includes a dialect spoken by Romani in Finland.[5] Sinti is the self-designation of a large Romani population that began leaving the Balkans early on in the dispersion of the Romani language group, from the end of the 14th century on, and migrated to German-speaking territory.[3][6] Sinti in France typically also speak Sinte Romani but refer to themselves as Manuš or Manouche.[6][7]Today Sinte is mainly spoken in Germany, France, Northern Italy, Switzerland, Serbia, and Croatia, with smaller numbers of speakers in Austria, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands.[2][3][5] Sinti form the largest sub-group of Romani people in Germany, and Germany, in turn, is home to the largest number of Sinte Romani speakers.[3][6] Nearly all Sinte Romani speakers speak multiple languages, the dominant language of the country they live in being the most common.[3][8] PhonologySinte Romani is a non-tonal language with 25 consonants, 6 vowels, and 4 diphthongs.[3] VocabularyExample vocabulary for Sinte Romani is given below, based on samples from Austria, Italy, and Romania collected in the Romani Morpho-Syntax Database (RMS) hosted by the University of Manchester. Words that show the influence of historical German vocabulary are marked with an asterisk ( * ).
See also
References1. ^"Romanes" entry in Collins English Dictionary. 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl_dDVctycgC&pg=PA295&dq=sinte+romani+language+german+influence&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_oOrr0-rZAhUI3mMKHbSpAS4Q6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=sinte+romani+language+german+influence&f=false|title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE - Esperanto|date=14 March 2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|via=Google Books}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmo|title=Romani, Sinte|publisher=Ethnologue, Languages of the World|accessdate=15 March 2014}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title=What is the Romani Language?|last=Bakkar|first=Peter|publisher=University of Hertfordshire Press|year=2000|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://romaniprojekt.uni-graz.at/romani-varieties.en.html|title=Varieties, Dialects, and Classification|last=|first=|date=|website=Romani Project|publisher=University of Graz (Austria)|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-27}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37080745/Matras__Y._2007_SINTI_AND_ROMA_IN_GERMANY.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1553737054&Signature=G%2FDyGkJT1noU2nEx%2BdENoBoHmQE%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DMatras_Yaron._2007._with_Gilad_Margalit..pdf|title=Gypsies in Germany- German Gypsies? Identity and Politics of Sinti and Roma in German|last=Margalit|first=Gilad|last2=Matras|first2=Yaron|date=2007|work=The Roma : a minority in Europe : historical, political and social perspectives|publisher=Central European University Press|year=2007|isbn=9781429462532|editor-last=Stauber|editor-first=Roni|location=Budapest|pages=103-116|oclc=191940451|editor-last2=Vago|editor-first2=Raphael}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://romani.uni-graz.at/romlex/dialects.xml|title=Romani Dialects|last=|first=|date=|website=ROMLEX (Romani Lexicon)|publisher=University of Gratz|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-03-28}} 8. ^{{Cite magazine|last=Engbring-Romang|first=Udo|date=December 2016|title=Romani, the Language of the Sinti and Roma: Preferably, Only Spoken|url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/gb/en/kul/mag/20890063.html|magazine=Das Goethe|publisher=Goethe-Institut|access-date=2019-03-27}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk//rms/|title=ROMANI Project - Manchester|website=romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk|access-date=2019-03-27}} Sources
Further reading
External links
8 : Romani in Austria|Romani in France|Romani in Germany|Romani in Italy|Dialects of Romani|Sinti|Sinti in Austria|Sinti in Germany |
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