| 词条 | Sir Brooke Boothby, 6th Baronet |
| 释义 |
| name = Sir Brooke Boothby | image = Sir Brooke Boothby 6th Bt mw19919.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Print by John Raphael Smith after Reynolds | birth_name = | birth_date = 3 June 1744[1] | birth_place = Ashbourne, Derbyshire,[2] England, Great Britain | death_date = 23 January 1824[1] | death_place = Boulogne, Paris, France | death_cause = | burial site = St. Oswald's, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = Ashbourne Hall[3] | other_names = | known_for = | education = St John's College, Cambridge | employer = | occupation = Translator, poet, landowner | title = 6th Baronet Boothby, of Broadlow Ash | party = | boards = | spouse = Susanna Bristoe | children = Penelope | parents = Sir Brooke Boothby, 5th Bt. Phoebe Hollins | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} Sir Brooke Boothby, 6th Baronet (3 June 1744{{spaced ndash}}23 January 1824) was a linguist, translator, poet and landowner, based in Derbyshire, England. He was part of the intellectual and literary circle of Lichfield, which included Anna Seward and Erasmus Darwin. In 1766 he welcomed the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau to Ashbourne circles, after Rousseau's short stay in London with Hume. Ten years later, in 1776, Boothby visited Rousseau in Paris, and was given the manuscript of the first part of Rousseau's three-part autobiographic Confessions. Boothby translated the manuscript and published it in Lichfield in 1780 after the author's death, and donated the document to the British Library in 1781. The well-known portrait of Boothby by Joseph Wright of Derby, from 1781, shows him reclining in a wooded glade with a book carrying on its cover simply the name Rousseau, indicating Boothby's admiration and promotion of the writer and his work generally.[4] Several portraits were also made of Boothby's daughter, Penelope — by Henry Fuseli[5] and Joshua Reynolds[6] and in sculpture by Thomas Banks.[7] She died young, and was the subject of a book of poetry by her grieving father.[9] BiographyBoothby was born in 1744. He inherited his unusual forename from Hill Brooke, the second wife of the fourth Baronet Boothby, of Broadlow Ash, Sir William. Brooke Boothby is sometimes referred to as the seventh Baronet as there was some confusion over the appointment of the first Baronet.[8] He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1761.[9] Boothby was active in local intellectual life as an associate of the scientific group, the Lunar Society which was interested in the application of the sciences to modern life and its development, and the Lichfield Botanical Society. He, members of the Lunar Society and the intellectual circle of Lichfield, met the free-thinking Jean-Jacques Rousseau who fled from France in 1766–7 and was staying at Wootton, near Boothby's home, Ashbourne Hall. Boothby later visited Rousseau in Paris and promised him that he would publish his Confessions, an autobiographical work to which Boothby gave the title Dialogues ou Rousseau, Juge de Jean-Jacques. The book was published in Lichfield by Boothby in the French language. This achievement is immortalised in Joseph Wright of Derby's painting. The portrait shows Boothby reclining by a stream in a wooded glade once known as the Twenty Oaks where he and Rousseau met for discussion and where Rousseau went to write in peace and solitude. He is holding a leather bound book with the name Rousseau on the spine rather than a specific title, thus referencing Boothby's interest in the philosopher's entire oeuvre. The landscape setting can be interpreted as referring to the Rousseauian idea that all of man's troubles and unhappiness derive from his self-removal from the natural world. According to Andrew Graciano, the plants in the setting refer to Boothby's interest in botany and the botanical aspect of the painting has previously been ignored.[10] Both Boothby and Rousseau were interested in botany and Rousseau studied local flora when he lived at Wootton Hall. Two other of Wright's paintings of Dovedale were sold to Brooke Boothby who had helped Wright when he put on the first one-man exhibition in London.[11] Boothby also purchased two views of nearby Matlock, two paintings of bridges in Rome as well as the unusual portrait of himself.[12] In 1784 Boothby married Susanna Bristoe, daughter of Robert Bristoe and Susanna Philipson, and in that year he leased Ashbourne Hall from his father, whose extravagance had forced him to live elsewhere whilst renting out the family seat.[13] He began the restoration of Ashbourne Hall, using his wife's dowry to renovate the structure, remodel the parkland, purchase rare plants and obtain works of art. Like his father before him, Boothby was extravagant in the extreme. That weakness and his emotional self-indulgence were to be his nemeses. His only daughter, Penelope, was born in the following April. Sir Joshua Reynold's portrait of Penelope, often called "The Mob Cap", is one of the most famous of English child portraits. Reynolds had painted portraits of Boothby and his younger half-sister Anne. His full sister, Maria, was portrayed by Wright a decade before he painted the famous portrait of Brooke Boothby himself. On 19 March 1791, disaster struck when Boothby's daughter died at the age of five. This sad event permanently affected him and he subsequently published a book of poetry, Sorrows Sacred to the Memory of Penelope. Penelope had a remarkable tomb constructed for her which included a life-size statue of her sleeping. The tomb is in St. Oswald's Church in Ashbourne along with many other Boothby memorials and graves. Boothby's life went into decline after his daughter's death. He commissioned the sculpture illustrated and the painting by Henry Fuseli. After Penelope's funeral, his wife Susanna returned to her parents' home in Hampshire and settled in Dover. Her death was recorded under her maiden name, Bristoe. Boothby was involved with the substantial purchase of 16th-century stained glass for Lichfield Cathedral in 1801, which he purchased from the Abbey of Herkenrode which had been dissolved in the Napoleonic wars. He sold the glass to the cathedral on a non-profit basis.[14] As a result of his extravagance Boothby met with economic disaster which completely altered the course of his life. Ashbourne Hall was leased in 1814 (parish records show that in 1817 Sir Richard Arkwright's grandson, also Richard, was living there) and he settled in diminished circumstances in Boulogne in 1815 and died there in 1824. He was buried in St. Oswald's with his parents and his sister Maria Elizabeth and other Boothby family members. Sonnet XIIWell has thy classick chisel, Banks, express'd The graceful lineaments of that fine form, Which late with conscious, living beauty warm, Now here beneath does in dread silence rest. And, oh, while life shall agitate my breast, Recorded there exists her every charm, In vivid colours, safe from change or harm, Till my last sigh unalter'd love attest. That form, as fair as ever fancy drew, The marble cold, inanimate, retains; But of the radiant smile that round her threw Joys, that beguiled my soul of mortal pains, And each divine expression's varying hue, A little senseless dust alone remains[15] Major works
See also{{commons category|Sir Brooke Boothby}}{{wikisource author}}
References1. ^1 George Edward Cokayne, editor, The Complete Baronetage, 5 volumes (no date (c. 1900); reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983), volume III, page 83. 2. ^baptised here 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=6OIIAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA370&lpg=RA1-PA370&dq=sir+brooke+boothby&source=web&ots=5MMqQ_x-9S&sig=srq1HIIOgQOV10_6EGs0m3FlatM&hl=en Gentlemans Magazine], 1824 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/apr/28/art |title=Sir Brooke Boothby, Joseph Wright of Derby (1781) |first=Jonathan |last=Jones |date=28 April 2001|newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=24 February 2015 }} 5. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-urxqszi2sC&pg=PA195&lpg=PA195&dq=penelope+boothby+fuseli&source=web&ots=8KEGk15lbe&sig=DGQqDnGWpzI0rLI8pBltIT8UKOo&hl=en |title=Visual Politics: The Representation of Ireland, 1750–1930|page=195 |first=Fintan |last=Cullen |year=1997 |publisher=Cork University Press |accessdate=30 May 2008 }} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19009 |title=Sir Joshua Reynolds |first= Estelle M. |last=Hurll|authorlink=Estelle May Hurll }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.derbyshireuk.net/ashbourne_church.html |title=Ashbourne Church |publisher=deryshireuk.net }} 8. ^{{cite encyclopedia |title=General history: Baronets' |encyclopedia= Magna Britannia 5: Derbyshire (1817), pp. LXIII-LXXV |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50705 |accessdate=29 May 2008 }} 9. ^{{acad|id=BTBY761B|name=Boothby, Brooke}} 10. ^Andrew Graciano, “Shedding New Botanical Light on Joseph Wright’s Portrait of Brooke Boothby: Rousseauian Pleasure versus Medicinal Utility” Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte (3:2004), 365–380. See also Graciano, Joseph Wright, Esq.: Painter and Gentleman (2012). 11. ^Joseph Wright of Derby, Liverpool Museums, accessed 23 October 2011 12. ^{{cite book|last=Nicolson|first=Benedict|title=Joseph Wright of Derby: painter of light, Volume 1|year=1968|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ms09AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA52&dq=alchemist+wright+joseph#v=onepage&q=alchemist%20wright%20joseph&f=false|page=127|isbn=978-0-7100-6284-0}} 13. ^1 Eighteenth Century Book Reviews: Jacques Zonneveld. Sir Brooke Boothby: Rousseau's Roving Baronet Friend. Review by JoLynn Edwards {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223134906/http://back.csulb.edu:8080/asecs/FMPro?-db=reviews.fp3&-format=as.review.show.html&-lay=web&-sortfield=rv_date_completed&-sortorder=descend&-recid=32861&-findall= |date=23 February 2007 }} accessed 29 May 2008 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://lichfield-cathedral.org/the-19th-century/ |title=Lichfield Cathedral |accessdate=14 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430024133/http://www.lichfield-cathedral.org/the-19th-century |archivedate=30 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 15. ^Sorrows. Sacred to the Memory of Penelope (1796) 16. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGkBAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22brooke+boothby%22&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |title=Observations on the Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs, and on Mr. Paine's Rights of Man |accessdate=10 December 2010}} Further reading
External links
| title = Baronet (of Broadlow Ash) | years = 1789–1824 | before = Brooke Boothby | after = William Boothby }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Boothby, Brooke, 06th Baronet}} 15 : 1744 births|1824 deaths|18th-century English writers|18th-century male writers|Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge|Associates of the Lunar Society of Birmingham|Baronets in the Baronetage of England|English art collectors|English landowners|English philanthropists|French–English translators|Paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby|People from Ashbourne, Derbyshire|Sonneteers|English male poets |
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