| 词条 | Sir Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet |image=Earlom after Gainsborough, Sir Charles Thompson resized.jpg |caption=by Richard Earlom after Thomas Gainsborough |birth_date=c.1740 |death_date=17 March {{death year and age|1799|1740}} |birth_place= |death_place=Fareham |allegiance={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |branch={{navy|Kingdom of Great Britain}} |serviceyears=1755–1798 |rank=Vice admiral |unit= |commands= |battles=
|awards=Baronetcy (1797) |relations=Sir Norborne Charles Thompson, 2nd Baronet Sir Henry Thompson, 3rd Baronet }} Sir Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet (c.1740 – 17 March 1799) was a British naval officer. After long service in the Seven Years' War, American War of Independence and War of the First Coalition, he was Admiral John Jervis's second in command at the battle of Cape St Vincent. However, his disregard for Jervis's signal to tack to counter a Spanish attacking move nearly lost the battle, and began an enmity with Jervis that eventually (with ill health) led to Thompson's retirement. From 1796 to 1799 he was also MP for Monmouth. FamilyHis father is thought to have been Norborne Berkeley, later Baron Botetourt, of Stoke Gifford, Gloucestershire, governor of Virginia, his mother was Margaret Thompson. (Charles was illegitimate). He, his mother and sister Elizabeth Thompson were all beneficiarys in Norborne Berkeley's will. He married Jane, daughter and heiress of Robert Selby of Bonnington, near Edinburgh in 1783, by whom he had issue: Norborne Charles (1785–1826) who joined the navy but was court martialed for insubordination; Charles Robert (1788–1801) who died at sea aged 13; Elizabeth (1790-, Jane (1794–1815) who died in Portugal aged 21, and is buried at the English Cemetery, Lisbon; and Henry (1796–1868). Naval serviceHis first service at sea was on a merchantman, but he soon joined the Royal Navy on {{HMS|Nassau|1707|6}} in 1755, just before the outbreak of the Seven Years' War. In the following five years he served on that ship then on HMS Prince Frederick and (under Captain Samuel Barrington) {{HMS|Achilles|1757|6}}. He passed his examination for lieutenant in 1760 and was commissioned as the fifth lieutenant of {{HMS|Arrogant|1761|6}} on 16 January 1761, serving on her in the Channel Fleet and then in the Mediterranean. When peace came, this ship was paid off and Thompson transferred to the sloop {{HMS|Cygnet|1758|6}}, serving on her on the North American station from August 1763 to her paying-off in July 1768 in South Carolina (with no transport provided to get her officers back to England, though they were later paid £39 0s. 6d each for the journey). Thompson was back in North America as {{HMS|Salisbury|1769|6}}'s first lieutenant from May 1770, and there Commodore James Gambier promoted him to commander in February 1771, commanding the sloop {{HMS|Senegal}} and then (after 3 months) appointed acting captain of {{HMS|Mermaid|1761|6}}. He took the later ship back to England in December 1771 and, though his acting captaincy was not confirmed by the admiralty, they did on 7 March 1772 promote him to full captain, commanding {{HMS|Chatham|1772|6}}. Service in the West IndiesThompson sailed to the West Indies commanding {{HMS|Chatham|1758|6}}, the flagship of Vice-Admiral William Parry, and later moved to the frigate {{HMS|Crescent|1758|6}}.[1] He returned to England in 1774, and then went back to the West Indies in command of {{HMS|Boreas|1774|6}} in early 1776 (capturing the 20-gun French ship Le Compas). He accompanied a merchant convoy to England in October 1777, before yet again going out to the West Indies in 1780. Sir John Laforey was appointed commissioner of the shipyard at Antigua in 1780, but Thompson refused to recognize this authority, leading to a long feud. In the Caribbean, Thompson was moved by Sir George Rodney to the 74-gun {{HMS|Alcide|1779|6}}, commanding her throughout the American War of Independence, including at the battles of the Chesapeake, St Kitts, under Sir Samuel Hood). In April 1782, Thompson was present in the rear division at the Battle of the Saintes. Sir George Rodney's decisive victory over the French in the Caribbean. He sailed Alcide back to England at the end of the War. Later serviceIn 1787 Thompson commanded {{HMS|Edgar|1779|6}} at Portsmouth, and in 1790 {{HMS|Elephant|1786|6}} (during the crisis of the Spanish armament). When the War of the First Coalition broke out in 1793 he was put in command of {{HMS|Vengeance|1774|6}}, as part of Sir John Jervis and Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Grey's expedition against France's West Indian possessions, participating in the capture of Martinique (directing the boat attacks on Fort Royal) and Guadeloupe as a commodore. Also during this time in the Indies, Laforey and Thompson's feud reignited over Laforey conduct as commander-in-chief at the Leeward Islands, thus providing an excuse for First Lord of the Admiralty to recall Laforey but causing alarm amidst the other Admiralty commissioners (Sir Charles Middleton resigned over the affair). In the course of promotions through seniority, Thompson was promoted to rear-admiral of the blue on 12 April 1794, and sailed back to England the following year (with {{HMS|Vanguard|1787|6}} as his flagship) to be made vice admiral on 1 June 1795 (with his flag in {{HMS|London|1766|6}}). Mediterranean serviceThompson was next put in command of a detached squadron as part of the British blockade of Brest, before being transferred to {{HMS|Britannia|1762|6}}, in which he served in the Mediterranean. In Britannia he acted as second in command at the battle of Cape St Vincent, disregarding Jervis's signal to tack to counter a Spanish attacking move and thus nearly losing the battle. This angered Jervis but he chose not to bring the issue into the public sphere, and so later that year Thompson's and Jervis's contribution to the battle were rewarded with a baronetcy and an earldom respectively whilst still on station. Continuing on the station for a time, Thompson's next disagreement with Jervis (over the latter's insistence on hanging two mutineers on the Sabbath on Sunday 9 July 1797) gave Jervis sufficient justification to insist that the Admiralty recall Thompson. After Thompson's death, Jervis wrote of him as a ‘gallant man, but the most timid officer’, and drew attention to his having ‘the manner of a rough seaman’ which Thompson cultivated by his habit of dressing casually in a sailor's frock and straw hat.[2] On his recall, Thompson was then given a post in the Brest-blockade fleet which he held until 1798 despite failing health, his health eventually forcing him to strike his flag and return to England early in 1799, where he died later that year. Political officeThompson was elected MP for Monmouth in 1796 and held the seat until 1799 although he did not have a significant attendance in parliament. References1. ^http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=2149 2. ^E. P. Brenton, The naval history of Great Britain, from the year 1783 to 1836, 2 vols. (1837), 2.7 Sources
External links
(of Virkees) | years=1797–1799}}{{s-aft | after=Norborne Charles Thompson}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Thompson, Charles, 1st Baronet}} 9 : 1740 births|1799 deaths|Royal Navy admirals|Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Welsh constituencies|Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain|British MPs 1796–1800|Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars|Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War|Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。