| 词条 | Six-star rank | |||||||||
| 释义 |
A six-star rank was a short-lived 1955 proposal for a special grade immediately superior to a five-star rank, to be worn by a proposed General of the Armies of the United States. The rank was also briefly considered near the end of World War II, just prior to the planned invasion of Japan, which would have potentially seen a six-star Admiral of Navy, equal to the then also proposed rank of General of the Armies and superior to five-star rank of Fleet Admiral. HistoryOn 21 January 1955, a draft resolution was proposed to the US Senate to authorize the then-US President Dwight D. Eisenhower to appoint Douglas MacArthur, then a five-star General of the Army, to the elevated rank of "General of the Armies of the United States in recognition of the great services to his country", with "such appointment to take effect as of the seventy-fifth anniversary of his birth, January 26, 1955."[1] The proposal had little chance of passing and was never voted on.[2] In books published decades later, a few authors described this proposed rank as a six-star rank.[2][3][4] The rank of General of the Armies had previously been granted, in 1919, to active-duty four-star General John J. Pershing. As the five-star rank did not exist at that time, the concept of this being a six-star rank was moot. The markings used to identify Pershing's new ranking as higher than general was a bank of four gold (rather than silver) stars. The rank of Admiral of the Navy was created for George Dewey in 1903, out of recognition for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War, and the date of rank was made retroactive to 1899. In 1944, the U.S. Navy declared Dewey's rank to be senior to that of the newly created five-star rank of Fleet Admiral. In 1976, as part of commemorations for the US Bicentennial, General George Washington was posthumously promoted to the rank of General of the Armies of the United States.[5] Although the law did not actually specify the number of stars,[6] some U.S. newspapers[7][8][9] and Members of Congress[10] described this as a six-star rank. His appointment had been to serve as "General and Commander in chief of the Army of the united Colonies".[11][12] Gallery
See also
References1. ^US Senate Joint Resolution 26, 21 January 1955. {{Star officer ranks}}{{Highest Military Ranks}}2. ^1 {{cite book|authorlink=Stanley Weintraub|last=Weintraub|first=Stanley|year=2007|title=15 Stars: Eisenhower, MacArthur, Marshall: Three Generals Who Saved the American Century|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=9781416545934|page=488|quote=A few MacArthur devotees in Congress, like Representative Martin, tried to organize support for honorary six-star rank for the general, but as that would have been a slap at Eisenhower, such legislation had no chance.}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Foster, Frank C.|year=2011|title=United States Army Medal, Badges and Insignias|publisher=Medals of America Press|isbn=9781884452673|page=19|quote=effort was made to reward General Douglas MacArthur, this time with specifying a six-star rank, but it never came to fruition}} 4. ^{{cite book|authorlink=Michael Korda|last=Korda|first=Michael|year=2009|title=Ike|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=9780061744969|page=190|quote=Congress would twice try to promote him from the new rank of General of the Army—a five-star general—to the unique rank of General of the Armies: a proposed six-star general.}} 5. ^Department of the Army Order 31-3, (13 March 1978). Department of the Army order to enact Public Law 94-479. 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/sunday-reflection-how-the-indispensable-man-became-americas-only-six-star-general/article/2526401#!|title=Sunday Reflection: How the 'indispensable man' became America's only six-star general|author=Dooley, Joseph|date=April 6, 2013|work=Washington Examiner}} 7. ^{{cite news |title=George Washington Wins Promotion to Six-Star Rank |first= |last= United Press International |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=19761012&id=MuVVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4OADAAAAIBAJ&pg=5963,2770662 |newspaper= Eugene Register-Guard |location= Eugene, Oregon |date= October 12, 1976 |accessdate= March 1, 2014 |page= 7A |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl=no}} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Washington Gets Star |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9900E2D6143EE334BC4B52DFB667838D669EDE |date=October 13, 1976 |quote=President Ford signed today a bill that posthumously promoted George Washington to the rank of six-star General of the Armies}} 9. ^{{cite news|author=Kilian, Michael|title=Foursquare opposed to a six-star Washington|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=August 5, 1976|page=A2}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/sunday-reflection-how-the-indispensable-man-became-americas-only-six-star-general/article/2526401#!|title=Sunday Reflection: How the 'indispensable man' became America's only six-star general|author=Dooley, Joseph|date=April 6, 2013|work=Washington Examiner|quote=Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., ... noted, [Washington] is "the only six-star general in the nation's history."}} 11. ^Cont'l Cong., Commission for General Washington, in 2 Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789 96-7 (Library of Cong. eds., 1905). 12. ^Cont'l Cong., Instructions for General Washington, in 2 Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789 100-1 (Library of Cong. eds., 1905). 1 : Military ranks |
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