“Small ball (basketball)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In basketball, small ball is a style of play that sacrifices height, physical strength and low post offense/defense in favor of a lineup of smaller players for speed, agility and increased scoring (often from the three-point line).^[1] It is closely tied to the concepts of pace and space, which pushes the speed of the offense and spreads out the defense with extra shooters on the court.^[2] Many small ball lineups feature a non-traditional center who offers skills that are not normally found from players at that position.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Teams often move a physically dominant player who would typically play the small forward position into the power forward position. Examples of players who have been used in this role include Kevin Durant,^[8] Carmelo Anthony,^[9] and LeBron James. That individual would play alongside either a traditional power forward (shifted into the center position), or alongside a center.

The advantage of using small ball is that the power forward position is occupied by a faster, more agile player who can outrun and outmaneuver the opposing power forward. In many cases the player may have a better three-point shooting percentage than a traditional power forward, which (as well as increasing points from three-point plays) can help spread the opposition defense. The opposing defender will come out to mark the player on the perimeter of the three point line, allowing space for teammates to run in and score around the basket. A player occupying this position, with a high three-point shot success percentage, is coined a "stretch 4".^[10] Miami Heat coach Erik Spoelstra employed this style of play starting in 2011–12, labeling it as "pace and space".^[11]^[12] Early in the playoffs, small forward LeBron James filled in at power forward after the Heat lost starter Chris Bosh to injury. James remained at that position for the remainder of the playoffs, as Bosh was moved to center when he returned.^[13]^[14]

While the style of play does have advantages, there are several disadvantages. The addition of speed and agility comes at the cost of strength and height; the lack of traditional "big men" can make it more difficult to guard the space under the basket while on defense and can also prevent the team from having a low-post offensive threat when attacking. Rebounding is often sacrificed; for example, in the 2012–13 season, the Miami Heat, playing small ball, had the most wins during the season of any team in either conference, but were the worst team in either conference in rebounding.^[15]

The Golden State Warriors in 2014–15 used small ball to a greater extent in the NBA Finals than any prior champion, swapping out big man Andrew Bogut from the starting lineup for Andre Iguodala, who would eventually be named the Finals MVP.^[16] The Warriors small lineup came to be known as the Death Lineup.^[17] The Warriors have attained a historic level of success, winning three NBA titles and setting the NBA wins record during the period from 2014-2017. The success of the Warriors' small ball lineups has caused some analysts to consider small ball to be the future of basketball, eschewing traditional lineups in favor of a brand of "positionless" basketball that allows teams to play small.^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]

See also

References

1. ^sportingcharts.com Definition: What is Small Ball?. Accessed 31 October 2013
2. ^{{cite news|last=Levy|first=Ian|title=How the Warriors evolved small ball and, in the process, the NBA|date=October 12, 2015|work=Sports Illustrated|url=https://www.si.com/thecauldron/2015/10/12/golden-state-warriors-nba-title-small-ball-steph-curry}}
3. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/basketball/nba/2006-10-30-bonus-cover-small-ball_x.htm | title=NBA teams making it big with small ball | newspaper=USA Today | date=30 October 2006 | first=David | last=DuPree | accessdate=12 February 2018}}
4. ^More and More Teams Are Switching to ‘Smallball' - November 3, 2006 - The New York Sun
5. ^ESPN - Small ball allows Mavs to stand tall - NBA
6. ^ESPN - Kings can't match up to small-ball - NBA
7. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/basketball/nba/2007-04-12-west-notes_N.htm | title=West notebook: Warriors' fate rests on small ball | newspaper=USA Today | date=13 April 2007 | first=David | last=DuPree | accessdate=12 February 2018 }}
8. ^Aschburner, Steve. NBA.com, hangtime blog. "DURANT PLAYS BIG WHEN OKC GOES SMALL" Accessed 31 October 2013
9. ^Favale, Dan, bleacherreport.com - "Why New York Knicks Can't Afford to Abandon Small Ball Around Carmelo Anthony". Accessed 31 October 2013
10. ^Martin, Josh. bleacherreport.com. "Why Small Ball Is Taking Over the NBA". Accessed 31 October 2013
11. ^{{cite news|last=Haberstroh|first=Tom|title=Introducing Miami's 'pace or space' offense|date=January 24, 2014|website=ESPN.com|url=http://www.espn.com/blog/truehoop/miamiheat/post/_/id/11768/introducing-miamis-pace-or-space-offense}}
12. ^Moorhead, Cooper. nba.com. "Heat News: The Spread Offense Experiment". Accessed 31 October 2013
13. ^{{cite news|last=Windhorst|first=Brian|title=LeBron eyeing 'point power forward' role?|date=September 29, 2012|website=ESPN.com|url=http://www.espn.com/blog/truehoop/miamiheat/post/_/id/15258/heat-eying-point-forward-role-for-lebron|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629102746/http://www.espn.com/blog/truehoop/miamiheat/post/_/id/15258/heat-eying-point-forward-role-for-lebron|archivedate=June 29, 2018|deadurl=no}}
14. ^{{cite news|last=Vardon|first=Joe|title=LeBron James is embracing playing power forward for the Cavaliers like never before|date=March 5, 2016|newspaper=The Plain Dealer|url=https://www.cleveland.com/cavs/index.ssf/2016/03/lebron_james_is_embracing_play.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701110301/http://www.cleveland.com/cavs/index.ssf/2016/03/lebron_james_is_embracing_play.html|archivedate=July 1, 2017|deadurl=no}}
15. ^ESPN - "Regular Season Stats - 2012/2013: Rebounds". Accessed 31 October 2013
16. ^{{cite news|last=Lowe|first=Zach|title=How the small-ball virus has infected the NBA|date=November 24, 2015|website=ESPN.com|url=http://espn.go.com/nba/story/_/id/14209124/is-small-ball-dominance-golden-state-blip-trend|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6dHzQBfg1|archivedate=November 24, 2015|deadurl=no}}
17. ^{{cite news|last=Arnovitz|first=Kevin|title=How the Warriors discovered the cheat code to basketball in the 2015 NBA Finals|date=October 14, 2015|website=ESPN.com|url=http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/15062110/warriors-discovered-cheat-code-basketball-nba-finals|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnba%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F15062110%2Fwarriors-discovered-cheat-code-basketball-nba-finals&date=2017-06-10|archivedate=June 11, 2017|deadurl=no}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/14209124/is-small-ball-dominance-golden-state-blip-trend|title=Lowe: How the small-ball virus has infected NBA|work=ESPN.com|access-date=2017-08-10}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=https://basketball.realgm.com/article/239916/The-Epitome-Of-Positionless-Basketball|title=The Epitome Of Positionless Basketball - RealGM Articles|website=basketball.realgm.com|access-date=2017-08-10}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://orlandomagicdaily.com/2017/07/28/orlando-magic-embracing-positionless-basketball/|title=The Orlando Magic are embracing positionless basketball|date=2017-07-28|website=Orlando Magic Daily|access-date=2017-08-10}}
21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/sports/sports-columns/ed-graney/positionless-basketball-defines-nbas-copycat-nature/|title=Positionless basketball defines NBA’s copycat nature|date=2017-07-15|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|access-date=2017-08-10|language=en-US}}