“Mercedes-Benz Superdome”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

When the plaza level seats remained moveable, the capacity for baseball was 63,525 and the field size was as followed: 325 feet to both left field and right field, 365 feet to both left-center field and right-center field, 421 feet to center field, and 60 feet to the backstop. The bowl was reconfigured in a renovation from 2006–2011, which replaced the moveable seats with a pre-cast concrete deck and moved the seating closer to the field, creating 3,500 new seats in the lower bowl. This made the bowl more suitable for football, but less accommodating for baseball.^[31]

The first baseball game in the Superdome was an exhibition between the Minnesota Twins and the Houston Astros on April 6, 1976.^[32]

Superdome officials pursued negotiations with Oakland Athletics officials during the 1978–79 baseball off-season about moving the Athletics to the Superdome. The Athletics were unable to break their lease at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum and remained in Oakland.^[33] Superdome officials met with the Pittsburgh Pirates in April 1981 about moving the club to New Orleans when the Pirates were unhappy with their lease at Three Rivers Stadium.^[34]

Basketball

The NCAA has hosted the Men's Final Four at the Superdome five times in 1982, 1987, 1993, 2003, and 2012. The stadium hosted regional semifinals and finals in 1981 and 1990, as well as first- and second-round games in 1999 and 2001.

The NBA's New Orleans Jazz used the Superdome as their home court, from 1975 to 1979. In 1977, the Jazz set a then-record in attendance for an NBA game, with 35,077 watching the Jazz led by Pete "Pistol Pete" Maravich against the Philadelphia 76ers,^[42] led by fellow future Hall of Famer Julius Erving.

Tulane used the Superdome as its primary home court from its opening in 1975 through 1982. It played occasional games there in the 1990s against high-profile opponents before the opening of the New Orleans Arena (now the Smoothie King Center) in 1999.

In 1996, the stadium hosted the AAU Junior Olympics basketball competition.^[43]

Boxing

On October 14, 1975, the Dome hosted Muhammad Ali Appreciation Day. The Muhammad Temple of Islam 46 in New Orleans organized the activities, with Ali's appearance as the day's highlight. Speakers included Dr. Na'im Akbar, Wallace D. Muhammad and Louis Farrakhan.^[44]

The Superdome hosted the September 15, 1978 fight some called the Ali rematch where Muhammad Ali won the world Heavyweight title for the third time by beating Leon Spinks in front of a crowd of 65,000. It was Ali's last professional win.

Leonard–Durán II, also known as the No Más Fight, took place on November 25, 1980 at the Louisiana Superdome. In the match, Sugar Ray Leonard defeated Roberto Durán to regain the WBC Welterweight Championship. The match gained its famous appellation in the end of the eighth round when Durán turned away from Leonard, towards the referee and quit by saying "No más" (Spanish for "No more").

On December 3, 1982, the Superdome hosted the Carnival of Champions. In the first of two co-main events, Wilfredo Gómez would defend his WBC world Jr Featherweight championship against WBC's world Bantamweight champion Lupe Pintor. In the second, Wilfred Benítez defended his WBC world Jr Middleweight championship against the former WBA Welterweight champion of the world Thomas Hearns.^[45]

Gymnastics

The USSR National Gymnastics Team performed for the first time in Louisiana in 1976. The Superdome event featured Olga Korbut, Nelli Kim, Nicolai Andrianov and Alexander Dityatin.

At the 1995 U.S. Gymnastics National Championships,^[46] Dominique Moceanu became the youngest Women's All-Around National Champion in U.S. history at 13 years old, a record that still stands.^[47] John Roethlisberger also won his fourth and final U.S. Men's All-Around National Championship.

In 1996, the stadium hosted the AAU Junior Olympics gymnastics competition.^[48]

Motocross

The Superdome hosted an AMA Supercross Championship round from 1977 to 1980, 1998 to 2002, 2009 and 2012. On June 4, 1977, 40,000 fans watched Jimmy Weinert win the sixth of 12 races for a $250,000 purse. 20 million pounds of dirt were piled into the center of the Superdome for the event.^[49]

Rugby Union

The Superdome was scheduled to host a rugby union match on August 1, 2015 between English Premiership team Saracens and New Zealand's Super Rugby team Crusaders.^[50] The match was organized by RugbyLaw, organizers of the National Rugby Football League. The match was cancelled, however, as USA Rugby, the governing body of the sport in the United States, refused to approve the artificial turf playing surface.^[51]

Soccer

The first soccer match to be held in the Superdome, on September 5, 1976, pitted New Orleans local club teams, The Costa Rica Soccer Club and The Olympia Soccer Club. This match was immediately followed by the second soccer match to be held in the Superdome which pitted The New York Cosmos and the Dallas Tornado. The Brazilian star Pelé and Kyle Rote, Jr. led their respective teams. The USWNT played their Final Victory Tour game against China on December 16, 2015 in what was the final match for Abby Wambach. China won 1-0 with the attendance of 32,950, making it a record setting attendance for a soccer match in Louisiana. On October 19, 2017, the USWNT played an international friendly against the Korea Republic, defeating them 3-1. Alex Morgan scored in the 40th minute for the United States, tallying her 78th career goal.^[52]

International Soccer Matches

Professional wrestling

The Superdome was renowned for hosting many of Mid-South Wrestling's large, "Blow Off" events that were culminations of weeks or months of feuds and rivalries. Bill Watts was the promoter of this territory and gained much notoriety from promotion of his events in the Superdome.

April 19, 1986 saw Jim Crockett Promotions (in association with Bill Watts' UWF and All Japan Pro Wrestling) host the first of three annual Jim Crockett Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournaments. 24 teams competed in a single day show with an afternoon 1st rounds and finals in the evening. The tournament final saw The Road Warriors prevail over Magnum T.A. and Ron Garvin. Besides tag team tournament the Superdome attendance of 13,000 saw NWA World Champion Ric Flair retain the title via disqualification from Dusty Rhodes and Mid-South North American Champion Hacksaw Jim Duggan beat Buzz Sawyer.

World Championship Wrestling held its sixth Clash of the Champions on April 2, 1989. The event saw Ricky Steamboat defeat Ric Flair in a two out of three falls match 2–1 to retain the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Clash VI was held on the same day as WrestleMania V and on free TV in an attempt to hurt the PPV rating.

WWE WrestleMania XXX

The 30th annual WrestleMania pay-per-view event, WrestleMania XXX, was held at the Superdome on April 6, 2014. This was the first time WWE held its annual event in New Orleans. At the event, The Undertaker's WrestleMania winning streak was ended by Brock Lesnar in front of 75,167 in attendance. Daniel Bryan won two matches. The first match was won against Triple H for a spot in the Triple Threat match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, which he went on to win later in the evening against Randy Orton and Batista. Also the WWE Divas Championship was defended for the very first time at WrestleMania with the champion AJ Lee retaining her title.^[53]

WWE WrestleMania 34

The 34th annual WrestleMania pay-per-view event, WrestleMania 34, returned to the Superdome on April 8, 2018. At the event, Charlotte Flair defeated the 2018 Women's Royal Rumble winner Asuka, ending her 2-year undefeated streak as well as retaining the SmackDown Women's Championship, Brock Lesnar defeated Roman Reigns to retain the Universal Championship in the main event, also AJ Styles defeated the 2018 Men's Royal Rumble winner Shinsuke Nakamura to retain the WWE Championship which was also promoted as the main event. In the event, former UFC star Ronda Rousey made her WWE debut in a mixed tag team match with her partner Kurt Angle to defeat Stephanie McMahon and Triple H. Daniel Bryan returned to in-ring action for the first time in nearly 3 years, when he teamed with Shane McMahon to defeat Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn. It also featured the return of The Undertaker since his previous loss at WrestleMania 33, who defeated John Cena in an impromptu match lasting under three minutes. The show took place in front of 78,133 people.

Tennis

The New Orleans Sun Belt Nets were a charter franchise of World TeamTennis (WTT). The Nets played in the Superdome during the 1978 season.

Wrestling

In 1996, the stadium hosted the AAU Junior Olympics wrestling competition.^[54] In February 1997, the Dome hosted the Louisiana High School Athletic Association state wrestling championships.

Special events

The Superdome held its official dedication ceremonies on August 3, 1975. Jazz musicians Al Hirt and Pete Fountain played for the event.

Entertainment

Between August 28 and September 14, 1975, the Superdome continued to celebrate its grand opening, with appearances by Bob Hope, Chayl Jhuren, Telly Savalas, Dorothy Lamour, Karen Valentine, and Raquel Welch. The Allman Brothers, the Marshall Tucker band, Wet Willie, the Charlie Daniels band, the O'Jays, the Isley Brothers, the Temptations, Donald Byrd and the Blackbyrds, and the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus also performed.^[55]

On October 3, 1975, June Carter, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter performed in the Dome. Fans included then Governor Edwin Edwards, wife Elaine, children Anna, Victoria, Steven and David, and Edwards' grandchildren.^[56]

The Superdome's 1977 New Year's Eve celebration opened with The Emotions and Deniece Williams, followed by Earth, Wind and Fire.

On May 29, 1977, the First Annual Superdome KOOL Jazz Spectacular featured Aretha Franklin, Al Green, The Spinners and The Mighty Clouds of Joy. Jimmie "J.J." Walker from the TV series Good Times was the guest M.C.

The Superdome hosted Jimmy Buffett (born in MS) in '76, Willie Nelson in '77, The Commodores in '78, Fats Domino (from New Orleans) in '78, Kenny Rogers (from Houston) in '79, Hank Williams Jr. (from Louisiana) in '81, and Lil Wayne (from New Orleans) in 2018.

Governor Edwin Edwards held his third inaugural ball at the Superdome March 12, 1984. Headline acts included Doug Kershaw and Susan Anton.

Because of a booking mixup, the Jets performed a full set to an empty Superdome in the summer of 1987.^[57]

The annual Essence Music Festival has been held in the Superdome every year since 1995 except for 2006, when it was held in Houston, Texas due to Hurricane Katrina repairs.

Other events

The Seventh-day Adventist Church held its 54th General Conference session at the Superdome in June and July 1985.

The Republican National Convention was held there in 1988, nominating then-Vice President George H. W. Bush for President and U.S. Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as Vice President.^[42]

In June 1996, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Disney's 34th animated feature, had a gala world premiere at this stadium, with over 65,000 people attending the event.

In August 2001, the Bassmaster Classic XXXI final weigh-in was held in the stadium.

Stadium history

Planning

Sports visionary David Dixon (who decades later founded the United States Football League) conceived of the Superdome while attempting to convince the NFL to award a franchise to New Orleans. After hosting several exhibition games at Tulane Stadium during typical New Orleans summer thunderstorms, Dixon was told by NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle that the NFL would never expand into New Orleans without a domed stadium. Dixon then won the support of the governor of Louisiana, John McKeithen. When they toured the Astrodome in Houston, Texas in 1966, McKeithen was quoted as saying, "I want one of these, only bigger", in reference to the Astrodome itself. Bonds were passed for construction of the Superdome on November 8, 1966, seven days after commissioner Pete Rozelle awarded New Orleans the 25th professional football franchise. The stadium was conceptualized to be a multifunctional stadium for football, baseball and basketball [with moveable field level stands that would be arranged specifically for each sport and areas with dirt (for the bases and pitchers mound) covered with metal plates on the stadium floor (they were covered by the artificial turf during football games)] and there are also Meeting Rooms that could be rented for many different purposes. Dixon imagined the possibilities of staging simultaneous high school football games side-by-side and suggested that the synthetic surface be white.^[70] Blount International of Montgomery, Alabama was chosen to build the stadium.^[71]

As the dome was being constructed, various individuals developed eccentric models of the structure: one was of sugar, another consisted of pennies. The so-called "penny model" traveled to the Philadelphia Bicentennial '76 exhibition. New Orleanian Norman J. Kleintz built the model with 2,697 pennies and donated it to the Superdome Board of Commissioners in April 1974.^[72]

It was hoped the stadium would be ready in time for the 1972 NFL season, and the final cost of the facility would come in at $46 million. Instead, due to political delays, construction did not start until August 11, 1971, and was not finished until August 1975, seven months after Super Bowl IX was scheduled to be played in the stadium. Since the stadium was not finished in time for the Super Bowl, the game had to be moved to Tulane Stadium, and was played in cold and rainy conditions. Factoring in inflation, construction delays, and the increase in transportation costs caused by the 1973 oil crisis, the final price tag of the stadium skyrocketed to $165 million. Along with the state police, Elward Thomas Brady, Jr., a state representative from Terrebonne Parish and a New Orleans native, conducted an investigation into possible financial irregularities, but the Superdome went forward despite the obstacles.^[73]

Early history (1975–1999)

First Saints game
The New Orleans Saints opened the 1975 NFL season at the Superdome, losing 21–0 to the Cincinnati Bengals in the first regular-season game in the facility. Tulane Stadium, the original home of the Saints, was condemned for destruction on the day the Superdome opened.

First Super Bowl
The first Super Bowl played in the stadium was Super Bowl XII in January 1978, the first in prime time.

2000–2009

New turf installation
The Superdome replaced the first generation "Mardi Grass" surface to the next-generation FieldTurf surface midway through the 2003 football season on November 16.

The Superdome was used as a "shelter of last resort" for those in New Orleans unable to evacuate from Hurricane Katrina when it struck in late August 2005. During the storm, a large section of the outer covering was peeled off by high winds. The photos of the damage, in which the concrete underneath was exposed, quickly became an iconic image of Hurricane Katrina. A few days later the dome was closed until September 25, 2006.

The Superdome cost $185 million to repair and refurbish. To repair the Superdome, FEMA put up $115 million,^[74] the state spent $13 million, the Louisiana Stadium & Exposition District refinanced a bond package to secure $41 million and the NFL contributed $15 million.

After being damaged from the flooding disaster, a new Sportexe MomentumTurf surface was installed for the 2006 season.

On Super Bowl XL Sunday (February 5, 2006), the NFL announced that the Saints would play their home opener on September 24, 2006 in the Superdome against the Atlanta Falcons. The game was later moved to Monday night, September 25.

The reopening of the dome was celebrated with festivities including a free outdoor concert by the Goo Goo Dolls before fans were allowed in, a pre-game performance by the rock bands U2 and Green Day performing a cover of The Skids' "The Saints Are Coming", and a coin toss conducted by former President George H. W. Bush. In front of ESPN's largest-ever audience at that time, the Saints won the game 23–3 with 70,003 in attendance and went on to a successful season reaching their first ever NFC Championship Game.

The first bowl game played in the Superdome after Katrina was the New Orleans Bowl won by the Troy Trojans 41–17 over the Rice Owls.

In early 2006, the Superdome began a $320 million renovation that consisted of three remodeling phases. First, the stadium was repaired and refurbished from damage suffered during Hurricane Katrina. In 2008, new windows were installed to bring natural light into the building. Later that year, the roof-facing of the Superdome was also remodeled, restoring the roof with a solid white hue. Between 2009 and 2010, the entire outer layer of the stadium, more than {{convert|400000|sqft|m2}} of aluminum siding, was replaced with new aluminum panels and insulation, returning the building to its original champagne bronze colored exterior. An innovative barrier system for drainage was also added, allowing the dome to resemble its original facade.

In addition, escalators were added to the outside of the club rooms. Each suite includes modernized rooms with raised ceilings, leather sofas, and flat-screen TVs, as well as glass brushed aluminum and wood-grain furnishings. A new $600,000 point-of-sale system was also installed, allowing fans to purchase concessions with credit cards throughout the stadium for the first time.

2010–present

New turf installation

During the summer of 2010 the Superdome installed {{convert|111831|sqft|m2}} of the UBU Speed S5-M synthetic turf system, an Act Global brand. In 2017 Act Global installed a new turf in time for the NFL Season. The Superdome has, as of 2017, the largest continuous synthetic turf system in the NFL.

Renovations

Beginning in 2011, demolition and new construction began to the lower bowl of the stadium, reconfiguring it to increase seating by 3,500, widening the plaza concourse, building two bunker club lounges and adding additional concession stands. Crews tore down the temporary stairs that lead from Champions Square to the Dome, and replaced them with permanent steps. Installation of express elevators that take coaches and media from the ground level of the stadium to the press box were also completed. New {{convert|7500|sqft|m2|adj=on}} bunker lounges on each side of the stadium were built. The lounges are equipped with flat-screen TVs, granite counter tops and full-service bars. These state-of-the-art lounges can serve 4,500 fans, whose old plaza seats were upgraded to premium tickets, giving those fans leather chairs with cup-holders. The plaza level was extended, closing in space between the concourse and plaza seating, adding new restrooms and concession areas. The renovations also ended the stadium's ability to convert to a baseball configuration.^[75] The renovations were completed in late June 2011 in time for the Essence Music Festival.

Naming rights

The Superdome had not taken on corporate naming rights until Mercedes-Benz USA acquired the rights in 2011. Though the stadium is owned by the state of Louisiana, the New Orleans Saints' lease gives the team the authority to sell the rights.^[76] Saints owner Tom Benson also owns Mercedes-Benz dealerships in New Orleans and San Antonio.^[7] At that time, it was the third stadium that has naming rights from Mercedes-Benz (and first in the United States), after the Mercedes-Benz Arena, the stadium of Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart, in Stuttgart, Germany, and the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai, China.{{cn|date=October 2018}}

Despite Mercedes-Benz acquiring the naming rights for the Atlanta Falcons' new stadium in 2015, the naming rights contract for the Superdome will remain in place until 2021.^[77] Atlanta's stadium opened in 2017 and became the fifth stadium (and second in the NFL) to bear the Mercedes-Benz name.{{cn|date=October 2018}}

Statue

On July 27, 2012, a statue was unveiled at a plaza next to the Superdome. The work, titled Rebirth, depicts one of the most famous plays in Saints history—Steve Gleason's block of a Michael Koenen punt that the Saints recovered for a touchdown early in the first quarter of the team's first post-Katrina game in the Superdome.^[78]

The Superdome hosted the Super Bowl XLVII football game on February 3, 2013. A partial power failure halted game play for about 34 minutes in the third quarter between the Baltimore Ravens and the San Francisco 49ers. It caused CBS, who was broadcasting the game, to lose some of its cameras as well as voiceovers by the commentators. At no point did the game go off the air, though the game had no audio for about two minutes. While the lights were coming back on, CBS reporters deployed around the stadium reported on the outage as a breaking news situation until power was restored enough for play to continue.

On February 8, 2013 it was reported that a relay device intended to prevent an electrical overload had caused the failure.^[79] The device was located in an electrical vault owned and operated by Entergy, the electrical utility for the New Orleans area. That vault is approximately one quarter mile away from the Superdome. A subsequent report from an independent auditor confirmed the relay device as the cause.^[80] The Superdome's own power system was never compromised.

The Superdome was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.^[81]

During the 2016 off-season, the smaller videoboards formerly located along the end zone walls above the upper seating bowl were replaced with two large Panasonic high definition LED displays that stretch {{convert|330|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|35|ft|m}} tall that are more visible throughout the bowl.^[82] Other upgrades included a complete upgrade to the Superdome's interior floodlighting system to an efficient LED system with programmable coloring, light show effects, and instant on-off; in normal mode the stadium will have a more vibrant and naturally pleasing system resembling natural daylight.^[83]^[84]

See also

Notes

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://football.ballparks.com/NFL/NewOrleansSaints/articles.htm|title=Louisiana Superdome Articles|publisher=Football.ballparks.com|accessdate=December 14, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115051443/http://football.ballparks.com/NFL/NewOrleansSaints/articles.htm|archivedate=January 15, 2012|df=}}
2. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.modernsteel.com/archives/PDFs_61-90/1976A9_16-1&2.pdf|title=Modern Steel Construction|website=www.modernsteel.com|access-date=2018-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120204700/http://www.modernsteel.com/archives/PDFs_61-90/1976A9_16-1%262.pdf|archive-date=2012-11-20|dead-url=yes|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://football.ballparks.com/NFL/NewOrleansSaints/index.htm|title=Mercedes-Benz Superdome|publisher=Football.ballparks.com|accessdate=December 14, 2011}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=The Superdome – An Icon Transformed|url=http://superdome.com/uploads/SUPERDOMEMEDIAKIT5.3.12FINAL.pdf|publisher=State of Louisiana|accessdate=September 6, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221185008/http://superdome.com/uploads/SUPERDOMEMEDIAKIT5.3.12FINAL.pdf|archivedate=February 21, 2014|df=}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/15001004.htm|work=National Park Service|title=Louisiana Superdome|date=January 27, 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://superdome.s3.amazonaws.com/doc/presskit.pdf|title=MERCEDES-BENZ SUPERDOME FACTS & FIGURES|publisher=}}
7. ^¹{{cite news|last=Woodyard|first=Chris|title=Mercedes-Benz buys naming rights to New Orleans' Superdome|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2011/10/mercedes-benz-new-orleans-superdome-naming-rights-saints-bcs-super-bowl-2013/1|work=USA Today|accessdate=October 4, 2011|date=October 4, 2011}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/ncaa/resources/basketball+resources/seating+configuration+at+the+final+four|work=NCAA|title=Basketball Resources|date=January 2, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225181259/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Resources/Basketball+Resources/Seating+Configuration+at+the+Final+Four|archivedate=December 25, 2013|df=}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nola.com/festivals/index.ssf/2014/04/wrestlemania_xxx_live_blogging.html|title=WrestleMania XXX: Daniel Bryan wins WWE world heavyweight title|publisher=NOLA Media Group|accessdate=January 22, 2017}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=Galleries|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1090246/index.htm|work=CNN|date=September 15, 1975|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
11. ^{{cite news |title=Falcons Fight Hate|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HGtEAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cbIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3705,241208&dq=en|newspaper=The Albany Herald|date=September 2, 1979|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=Saints-Jets Game a Sellout|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SKc_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=uVYMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4528,1593501&dq=en|newspaper=The Vindicator|location=Youngstown|date=November 19, 1983|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Ranking the NFL Stadiums|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tvglAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tvMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1665,3369684&dq=en|newspaper=The Miami News|date=August 12, 1987|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Jackson Blocks Out Bitter Past-And Saints Swilling|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xHEjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0mMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4347,2532202&dq=en|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=December 17, 1990|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Saints Stump Panthers|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vDpAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WlkMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4601,6943857&dq=en|newspaper=The Robesonian|date=November 28, 1995|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Broncos Wrap Up Home-Field Advantage|first=Dick|last=Brinster|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IXciAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jKwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1083,2951923&dq=en|newspaper=Argus-Press|date=December 2, 1996|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
17. ^{{cite book |title=ESPN Sports Almanac|year=1998|publisher=Information Please LLC|location=Boston|isbn=0-7868-8296-4}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=Nfc In Order Of Predicted Finishes|first=Charean|last=Williams|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1998-08-28/features/9808280660_1_kevin-greene-free-agent-steve-young|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|date=August 28, 1998|accessdate=October 18, 2012}}
19. ^{{cite news |title=Williams Primed for Debut|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4790F28F82348&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=The Advocate|location=Baton Rouge|date=September 10, 1999|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
20. ^{{cite news |title=Saints Tested by Williams Loss Raiders, Rams Loom As Former 'Ain'ts' Seek 1st Playoff Win|first=Gary|last=Mihoces|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/63967245.html?dids=63967245:63967245&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+16%2C+2000&author=Gary+Mihoces&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=Saints+tested+by+Williams+loss+Raiders%2C+Rams+loom+as+former+'Ain'ts'+seek+1st+playoff+win&pqatl=google|newspaper=USA Today|date=November 16, 2000|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
21. ^{{cite news |title=Roaf Listed As "Doubtful to Out" for Jets game|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF8793D51CE1B8F&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|newspaper=The Advocate|location=Baton Rouge|date=November 1, 2001|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
22. ^{{cite web |title=Saints' Season-Tix Offer Scores|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2003/03/20030303/This-Weeks-Issue/Saints-Season-Tix-Offer-Scores.aspx|work=SportsBusiness Daily|date=March 3, 2003|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
23. ^{{cite web |title=Morning Buzz, August 5, 2004|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Morning-Buzz/2004/08/05/Morning-Buzz-August-5-2004.aspx|work=SportsBusiness Daily|date=August 5, 2004|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=Sellout of Season Tickets Shows Faith in N.O., Benson Says|first=Jimmy|last=Smith|url=http://www.nola.com/saintsbeat/weblog/index.ssf?/printer/printer.ssf?/base/news-6/1158735078294750.xml&coll=1&style=print|newspaper=The Times-Picayune|location=New Orleans|date=September 20, 2006|accessdate=October 18, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025182601/http://www.nola.com/saintsbeat/weblog/index.ssf?%2Fprinter%2Fprinter.ssf%3F%2Fbase%2Fnews-6%2F1158735078294750.xml&coll=1&style=print|archivedate=October 25, 2012|df=}}
25. ^{{cite news |title=Obsolete Stadium Is Now Serving a Tragic Purpose|first=Thomas|last=Heath|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/31/AR2005083102576.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 1, 2005|accessdate=October 22, 2011}}
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