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词条 Smooth Island (Tasmania)
释义

  1. History

  2. Biota

     Marine  Ecological rehabilitation 

  3. Climate

  4. Geography

     Natural features  Position  Natural landmarks  Human features  Structures  Enterprise suitability  Methods of access  Access to essential services 

  5. Geology

  6. Arts

     Painting  Poetry 

  7. Administration

     Tenure  Local government  Historical nomenclature 

  8. Gallery

  9. See also

  10. Footnotes

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Infobox islands
| name = Smooth Island
| image_name = Smooth Island (Tasmania) - sunset.jpg
| image_caption = Aerial photograph of Smooth Island with
| image_size = 280
| image_alt =
| map = Australia Tasmania
| map_alt =
| map_width = 280
| map_caption = Location in Tasmania
| map_relief = 1
| label =
| label_position =
| country = Australia
| location = Norfolk Bay
| coordinates = {{nowrap|{{coord|42|56|24|S|147|46|48|E|region:AU-TAS_type:isle|display=title,inline}}}}
| archipelago = Sloping Island Group
| waterbody =
| area_ha = 59.31
| coastline_km = 3.38
| elevation_m = 44
| country_admin_divisions_title = State
| country_admin_divisions = Tasmania
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Land district
| country_admin_divisions_1 = Pembroke
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Local government area
| country_admin_divisions_2 = Tasman Council
| timezone1 = AEST
| utc_offset1 = +10
| timezone1_DST = AEDT
| utc_offset1_DST = +11
| etymology = Discovered by Matthew Flinders, 1798
}}

The Smooth Island, part of the Sloping Island Group, is a privately owned island with an area of {{convert|59.31|ha|acres|abbr=on}}[1] lying close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is situated in Norfolk Bay, surrounded by the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas.[1] The towns Dunalley and Murdunna are nearby. Smooth Island differs from other Tasmanian islands as it has an unencumbered freehold title down to the high-water mark.

History

{{main|History of Smooth Island (Tasmania) {{!}} History of Smooth Island }}

Biota

Current results from an ecological survey on Smooth Island:[2]
Iconic Taxon nameScientific nameCommon nameTaxon ID
1AnimaliaChthamalus antennatus626988
2AnimaliaCyclograpsus granulosusPurple Mottled Shore Crab603328
3AnimaliaGaleolaria caespitosa501243
4AnimaliaHeliocidaris erythrogrammaWestern Pacific purple sea urchin355859
5AnimaliaTetraclitella purpurascens552967
6AvesArdenna tenuirostrisShort-tailed Shearwater475116
7AvesEudyptula minorLittle Penguin3817
8AvesHaematopus fuliginosusSooty Oystercatcher4847
9AvesPhalacrocorax fuscescensBlack-faced Cormorant4311
10ChromistaMacrocystis pyriferaGiant Kelp124748
11InsectaBombus terrestrisBuff-tailed Bumble Bee57516
12InsectaHeteronympha meropeCommon Brown149448
13InsectaOmyta centrolineata522255
14InsectaThynnus zonatus848695
15MolluscaAustrocochlea constrictaSouthern Periwinkle353713
16MolluscaAustrolittorina unifasciataLittle Blue Periwinkle546433
17MolluscaCellana solida542520
18MolluscaDicathais orbitaCart-Rut Shell324573
19MolluscaHaliotis rubraBlacklip abalone353712
20MolluscaIschnochiton australis326103
21MolluscaMagallana gigasPacific Oyster605992
22MolluscaMytilus galloprovincialisMediterranean Mussel81648
23MolluscaNerita atramentosaAustralian Black Nerite326100
24MolluscaSiphonaria diemenensisAir-breathing limpet368532
25MolluscaSypharochiton pelliserpentisSnakeskin Chiton178991
26PlantaeAcacia mearnsiiBlack wattle75250
27PlantaeAcaena novae-zelandiaeBidgee-widgee75256
28PlantaeBanksia marginataSilver Banksia133274
29PlantaeChenopodium albumFat hen58127
30PlantaeCupressus macrocarpaMonterey cypress322545
31PlantaeDactylis glomerataCock's-foot52720
32PlantaeDisphyma crassifoliumPurple Dewplant129732
33PlantaeDodonaea viscosaSticky hop-bush122711
34PlantaeDysphania pumilioClammy goosefoot76751
35PlantaeEucalyptus viminalis viminalisManna gum711281
36PlantaeFicinia nodosaKnobby Clubrush323913
37PlantaeHypochaeris radicataCat's-ears53104
38PlantaeLycium ferocissimumAfrican boxthorn181615
39PlantaeMarrubium vulgareHorehound54605
40PlantaeMedicago sativaLucerne57057
41PlantaePolycarpon tetraphyllumFourleaf manyseed58876
42PlantaePteridium esculentumAustral Bracken194768
43PlantaeRhagodia candolleana candolleanaSeaberry Saltbush323863
44PlantaeRosa rubiginosaSweet briar78886
45PlantaeRubus fruticosusEuropean blackberry complex55911
46PlantaeRumex acetosellaSheep's sorrel53195
47PlantaeSilene gallicaSmall-flowered Catchfly53212
48PlantaeSilybum marianumVariegated thistle52586
49PlantaeSolanum laciniatumKangaroo-apple328092
50PlantaeSonchus oleraceusCommon Sow-thistle53294
51PlantaeTetragonia implexicomaKokihi407885
52PlantaeTragopogon porrifoliusSalsify54141
53PlantaeVicia sativaCommon Vetch53324
54ReptiliaTiliqua nigroluteaBlotched Bluetongue37466

Marine

Smooth Island is surrounded by a low profile reef. A region of gravel or hard sand extends from the reef on the eastern coast towards King George Island and King George Sound. The reef on the western coast is surrounded by sand and a body of silt approaches the south-west coast of the island. Between Smooth Island and King George Island lies a dense bed of seagrass (Halophila australis) and eelgrass (Zostera tasmanica) approximately 12.5 hectares in size.[3] Studies have found dense populations of South Australian cobbler (Gymnapistes marmoratus) and within this region, as this fish has a preference for patchy beds of eelgrass near Smooth Island.[4] The east coast of Smooth Island has the most dense concentration of Little weed whiting (Neoodax balteatus) in Norfolk Bay. An assessment via a beam-trawl in 1995–1996 revealed that 88% of the fish caught were of two species: Little Rock Whiting (Neoodax balteatus) and Bridled Leatherjacket (Acanthaluteres spilomelanurus). (further information in this link.)

[5] A species of red algae (Rhabdonia verticillata)[6][7] has been found very close to the island.[8] The following fish can be found in the waters immediately surrounding the island: flathead, trumpeter, perch, cod and Australian salmon. Dolphins are frequently sighted and killer whales[9] are infrequently sighted near the island.[10][11] The Spotted handfish and the Live-bearing Seastar (Parvulastra vivipara) are threatened marine species which may be present in the waters surrounding Smooth Island.[12] A killer whale (Orcinus orca) was identified 1 kilometre north-east of the current lighthouse position. Several humpback whales were spotted near Smooth Island in June 2017.[13]Recreational fishing restrictions: "All waters 200 metres seaward from the low water mark of Smooth Island: Shark Refuge Area. No taking of shark, skates or rays, except elephantfish. Where permitted, graball nets must not be set for more than 2 hours and can only be set from sunrise until one hour before sunset. No mullet nets. No set lines (long lines and drop lines)."[14]

Ecological rehabilitation

The terrestrial ecosystem of Smooth Island has previously been damaged through overgrazing, slashing-and-burning[15] and through the commercial hunting of wildlife.[16] The island's natural vegetation has been largely displaced with exotic grass, thistle, bracken, scattered eucalypts and African boxthorn bushes. Between 0.86[17] and 18 hectares of shearwater rookeries are present on Smooth Island and the impact of repeated fires on these habitats has been studied.[15]

The current owners intend to systematically restore the island's native ecosystem. Since March 2014, a diverse range of native Tasmanian flora have been planted throughout the island.[18] Remnant eucalypts are also expected to seed from the island's south-east coast now that grazing has ceased.

Climate

Smooth island's climate is classified Cfb under the Köppen Climate Classification.

{{Weather box/concise_C
| location=Hobart International Airport ({{convert|26|km|0|abbr=on}} from Smooth Island)
| source=Australian Bureau of Meteorology (1958–2015) [19]
| 22.6|22.3|20.8|18.1|15.3|12.9|12.5|13.5|15.4|17.3|19|20.7
| 12|12.1|10.8|8.8|6.6|4.6|4.1|4.7|6.1|7.5|9.2|10.8
| 40.8|35.9|36.1|42.2|35.6|32.5|43.8|47.1|41.6|46.3|44.9|52.6
}}

Geography

Natural features

Position

Smooth Island lies {{convert|2.24|km|2|abbr=on}} from both Dunbabin Point[20] and Chronicle Point on the mainland and lies {{convert|2.3|km|1|abbr=on}} from King George Island, measured from the nearest coastlines.

Natural landmarks

Smooth Island has two hilly peaks separated by a saddle.[21] The height above sea level of the North peak, South peak and saddle are 43 metres, 40 metres and 30 metres respectively.[22][23]

Human features

Structures

A formally commissioned survey of Smooth Island was completed on 14 July 1863 (see inset). In particular, it reveals the presence of the original jetty, a spring and a guano excavation on the island.

Until 2014, a lighthouse with the international marker identifier K 3621.2 was present on Smooth Island, however Marine and Safety Tasmania subsequently moved following demands by the island's private owners.[24][25] The specifications of the light remain unchanged since this relocation. [26][27]

Enterprise suitability

Parts of the island have been classified as being highly suitable for growing the following agricultural crops:[28]

  • Table wine grapes[29]
  • Sparkling wine grapes[30]
  • Industrial hemp[31]
  • Pyrethrum[31]
  • Blueberries [32]

The south and west coasts have alkaline soil, while the east slope has acidic soil.[28]

Methods of access

Smooth Island is easily accessible by boat or helicopter and there is scope for the construction of a small airstrip.

Access to essential services

The island receives radio coverage from ABC Local Radio (936 AM), 3G mobile phone coverage from Telstra and wireless coverage from the National Broadband Network.

The table below outlines the nearest services and facilities to Smooth Island.

Service typeNameAddressCoordinatesDistance by airDistance by boatDistance by road from MurdunnaReference
Public boat rampMurdunna boat ramp[33][34]5.7 km5.8 km–[35]
AmbulanceDodges Ferry Ambulance Station[36][37]17 km21 km28 km[38]
Medical (family doctor)Dodges Ferry Medical[39][40]17 km21 km28 km[41]
Major hospitalRoyal Hobart Hospital [42][43]37.5 km56 km65 km[44]
Police (and defibrillator)Dunalley Police Station[45][46]6.7 km6.7 km9 km[47]
Mobile phone transmission towerTelstra 3G 850 MHz[48][49]6 km––[50]
Wireless internet transmission towerNational Broadband Network [48][49]6 km––[50]
FuelShell Dunalley[51][52]6.5 km6.5 km9 km[53]
General storeDunalley Supermarket[54][55]6.7 km6.7 km9 km[56]
Large shopping centreSorell plaza shopping centre[57][58]25 km29 km40 km

Geology

Smooth Island consists of diabase (or dolerite) rock, a subvolcanic intrusion which probably occurred from {{ma|Eocene|Oligocene|million years ago}} during the Eocene epoch of the Cenozoic era.[59] A geological survey identified consolidated brownish fine-grained quartz sandstone occurring on the north east coastline of Smooth Island at approximately 2 metres above sea level, covered by sand. It was said to be similar to the sandstone samples retrieved from South Arm which contained numerous fossils, but no fossils were found in the samples taken from Smooth Island.[60][61] The western aspect of the island contains Dolerite (tholeiitic) with locally developed granophyre, from the Jurassic period. The water table is classified as a surficial sediment aquifer (porous media - unconsolidated).[62]

Given the island predominantly has a sloping hard rock shore, there is minimal vulnerability to flooding or erosion due to a rise in sea level.[63]

A "coastal acid sulfate soil analysis" was conducted producing a result of "extremely low" along the north/north east side of the island.[63]

On 13 October 1941, a geological survey of Smooth Island was conducted to determine the possibility of mining phosphate on the island, concluding that phosphate mining on Smooth Island was unlikely to be viable. Further details of this study are available.[64]

Arts

Painting

Smooth Island has been the subject of several notable paintings:

  • Michael Weitnauer's Norfolk Bay (winning 1st prize at the Wrest Point Art Award).[65] with his painting of Smooth Island titled Norfolk Bay.[66]
  • Dale Frank's "Dunalley, Smooth Island".[67]

Poetry

Smooth Island featured in poetry entitled "Two kinds of silence" by the Tasmanian author, Kathryn Lomer:[68]

I could lose or find myself

in this private Bermuda triangle-

Connelly's Bay, Lime Bay, Smooth Island;

In the dusk Smooth Island's navigation light

begins to blink its code name

to sailors bound for Dunalley

Administration

Tenure

All of Smooth island is private property. It has a freehold title with no covenants whatsoever. In 2014 Smooth Island was gazetted as a Private Forest Timber Reserve.[69] The coast line ~ 200 metres from the Smooth Island waterline has been classified Zone 23 (Environmental management) under the "Tasman Interim Planning Scheme 2015".[70][71]

Local government

For administrative purposes, the island is within the Tasman Council, the land district of Pembroke, the legislative council of Rumney and the electorate of Lyons at state and federal levels. It lies within the Fire Management Area Committee Boundary (FMAC) of 'East Coast'.

Historical nomenclature

Matthew Flinders discovered the island on 15 December 1798 and named it "Smooth Island" as it appears on his maps at the time[72][73] however the island did not appear on his subsequent map in 1814.[74] In 1824 Thomas Scott referred to Smooth Island as Garden Island in his maps. The origins of this are not entirely clear, and other sources are inconclusive about the above assertions.[75] and also state that the island was first named on a map by "Cross (1830)" and "Frankland" (1837)", before stating several pages later that the island was first named "Smooth Island".

According to a 1911 newspaper article, the island "is not named in the map of D'Entrecasteaux, even though it was marked".[76] During the early 21st century, Smooth Island was occasionally listed as "Lot 1 Norfolk Bay, Dunalley TAS 7177" on certain real-estate classifieds.[77]

Much confusion exists about the names of many of the islands in South East Tasmania. Garden Island is an island along the Huon River, but Garden Island has become the pseudonym for both Green Island[78] as well as Smooth Island. A newspaper article from 1836 refers to a Garden Island in the Pembroke Land District.[79] Green Island in turn has become a pseudonym for Fulham Island. Doughboy Island has replaced Isle of Caves[80]

Geographic repositories identify Smooth Island by the following codes:

55GEN6392544686 (Military Grid Reference System coordinates). SK55-06 (Joint Operations Graphic reference). 353786 (Unique Feature Identifier). 440186 (Unique Name Identifier).[81] ///acoustic.treehouse.grills (What 3 Words)[82]

Gallery

See also

{{stack|{{portal|Tasmania|Islands}}}}
  • {{Commons category-inline|Smooth Island (Tasmania)}}
  • History of Smooth Island
  • List of islands of Tasmania

Footnotes

1. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Nigel Brothers|author2=David Pemberton|author3=Helen Pryor|author4=Vanessa Halley|title=Tasmania's offshore islands: seabirds and other natural features|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HVAXAQAAIAAJ|date=May 1, 2001|publisher=Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery|isbn=978-0-7246-4816-0}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/smooth-island-tasmania|title=Smooth Island (Tasmania)|website=iNaturalist.org}}
3. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/68571/Mapping_of_Inshore_Marine_Habitats_2001.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511200204/http://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/68571/Mapping_of_Inshore_Marine_Habitats_2001.pdf| dead-url=yes| archive-date=2013-05-11|title=Mapping of Inshore Marine Habitats|date=2001|publisher=Imas.utas.edu.au| accessdate=28 December 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/68405/FRDC_1994_037_Dec1998.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516035044/http://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/68405/FRDC_1994_037_Dec1998.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2013-05-16|title=FRDC 1994|date=1998|accessdate=28 December 2014}}
5. ^http://www.imas.utas.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/743313/Assessment-of-Inshore-Habitats-Around-Tasmania-For-Life-History-Stages-of-Commerical-Finfish-.pdf
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/algae_revealed/pdf/Rhabdonia_verticillata.pdf |title=Rhabdonia verticillata |publisher=Flora.sa.gov.au |accessdate=2015-07-13}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/efsa/Marine_Benthic_Flora_SA/Part_IIIA/Rhabdonia_verticillata.shtml|title=Rhabdonia verticillata, State Herbarium of South Australia|work=flora.sa.gov.au|accessdate=2015-04-06}}
8. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0031942282830720|title=Halogenated phloroglucinols from Rhabdonia verticillata|doi=10.1016/0031-9422(82)83072-0|volume=21|issue=8|pages=2141–2142|journal=Phytochemistry|year=1982|last1=Blackman|first1=Adrian J|last2=Matthews|first2=David J}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article174585613?searchTerm=%22Garden%20Island%22%20%22slopen%20island%22&searchLimits=l-state=Tasmania%7c%7c%7cl-category=Article|title=18 Jul 1894 - SHIPPING. ARRIVED.—Yesterday.|pages=2|work=nla.gov.au|date=1894-07-18}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rbasket.com.au/property-Murdunna-murdunna-tas--australia/j-1464745702#|title=Murdunna - RBasket (Real Estate Basket), Best Search Engine for Real Estate|work=rbasket.com.au|accessdate=2015-03-22}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.domain.com.au/property/sold/vacant-land/tas/murdunna/?adid=2010717986|title=Murdunna TAS 7178|work=Domain|accessdate=2015-03-22}}
12. ^http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/threatfauna.pdf
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://open.abc.net.au/explore/202433|title=ABC OPEN: Smooth Island in Norfolk Bay -- From Project: Pic of the Week|website=open.abc.net.au}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/sea-fishing-aquaculture/recreational-fishing|title=Recreational Fishing}}
15. ^1 {{cite journal|url=http://eprints.utas.edu.au/13606/1/1999_Brothers_The_Effects_rst.pdf |title=THE EFFECTS OF FIRE ON BURROW-NESTING SEABIRDS PARTICULARLY SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS (PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS) AND THEIR HABITAT IN TASMANIA |author1=Nigel Brothers |author2=Stephen Harris |journal=The Royal Society of Tasmania |volume=133 |date=1999 |accessdate=2015-07-13}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.currawonglakes.com.au/pdf/Newsletter2010.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219155420/http://www.currawonglakes.com.au/pdf/Newsletter2010.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=19 December 2014|title= Currawong Lakes : What's New for 2010|publisher=Currawonglakes.com.au|accessdate=11 January 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://marineornithology.org/PDF/24/24_1.pdf|title=DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS IN TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA|publisher=Marineornithology.org|accessdate=11 January 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/lifestyle/an-island-of-your-own/story-fnj64ocs-1226761782996|title=An island of your own|work=Mercury|accessdate=2015-04-06|date=2013-11-16}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094008.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations|work=bom.gov.au|accessdate=2015-04-11}}
20. ^{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Hydrographic Dept|title=Australia pilot: South, south-east and east coasts of Australia from Green Cape to Port Jackson, including Bass Strait and Tasmania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqgZAQAAIAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Hydrographer of the Navy}}
21. ^North Peak: {{Coord|-42.9444|147.78219|display=inline}}. South Peak:{{Coord|-42.94877|147.7862|display=inline}}. Saddle: {{Coord|-42.9461|147.78472|display=inline}}
22. ^Measured on 30 December 2015 using barometric function of Garmin Monterra. Sea level calibrated to 0 metres when tide was at {{convert|1.11|m}}. After the first set of measurements the device was recalibrated to sea level ({{convert|-7|cm}}) and the altitude of the three features was reassessed, increasing the altitude of all points by {{convert|1|m}}. It is the second set of measurements which have been recorded. Conditions: pressure {{convert|1015.4|hPa}}, humidity 53%, {{convert|20.4|km}} NE wind, no rain, dew point {{convert|12.7|C|F}}.
23. ^Other data suggests the north peak is 39.95m above sea level, and south peak 36.81m above sea level. See this link for evidence: https://nationalmap.gov.au/#share=s-q72xKS4VDZxQGQcWFC1O5quHmWm
24. ^To the following location: {{coord|-42.9399167|147.7812667}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mast.tas.gov.au/notices/smooth-island-light/|title=M46-14 Smooth Island Light|author=Ionata Digital|work=MAST|accessdate=14 February 2015}}
26. ^Its height is {{convert|2|m}}. The light's range was {{convert|6|nmi}} in clear weather. It is a stainless steel pole in the water. The technical specifications of the lighthouse are: FL(3)W, period 6.1 seconds (i.e.: a cluster of 3 flashes of a white light is produced, which repeats every 6.1 seconds)
27. ^{{cite book|title=Prostar Nga List of Lights, Radio AIDS and Fog Signals 2006 West Coasts of North and South America, Australia, Tasmania|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMBz2shkZFAC|year=2006|publisher=ProStar Publications|isbn=978-1-57785-715-0}}
28. ^1 {{Cite web | url=https://maps.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/app/list/map | title=LISTmap - Land Information System Tasmania}}
29. ^'Highly suitable' area: Most of the west side of the island - in addition to the south east side (near the shack, north of Crap Rock). 'Suitable' area: The remainder of the island.
30. ^'Highly suitable' area: Along a channel from the saddle to the south peak. 'Suitable' area: The remainder of the island.
31. ^1 'Highly suitable': A small patch at the very top of the north peak.
32. ^'Highly suitable': Various isolated patches, with most of the rest of the island classified as 'suitable'.
33. ^Sommers Bay Road, Murdunna, Tas 7173
34. ^{{Coord|-42.945952|147.855128|display=inline}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mast.tas.gov.au/facilities/murdunna-boat-ramp/|title=Murdunna Boat Ramp|author=Ionata Digital|work=MAST|accessdate=2017-03-18}}
36. ^Tiger Head Rd, Dodges Ferry, Tas 7173
37. ^{{coord|-42.857603|147.611366|display=inline}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/service_information/service_delivery_points/ambulance_service_-_dodges_ferry|title=Ambulance Service - Dodges Ferry - Department of Health and Human Services|work=dhhs.tas.gov.au|accessdate=2017-03-18}}
39. ^52 Carlton Beach Rd, Dodges Ferry, Tas 7173
40. ^{{coord|-42.857818|147.617753|display=inline}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://healthengine.com.au/find/gp/TAS/Dodges_Ferry-7173/|title=Doctors, GPs & Medical Centres in Dodges Ferry, TAS 7173|work=HealthEngine|accessdate=2017-03-18}}
42. ^48 Liverpool St, Hobart, Tas 7000
43. ^{{coord|-42.879905|147.329534|display=inline}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/hospital/royal-hobart-hospital|title=Royal Hobart Hospital - Hospitals|work=dhhs.tas.gov.au}}
45. ^126 Arthur Hwy, Dunalley, Tas 7177
46. ^{{coord|-42.887223|147.810238|display=inline}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.police.tas.gov.au/contact-us/|title=Tasmania Police|work=police.tas.gov.au|accessdate=2017-03-18}}
48. ^1 17 Constance St, Dunalley, Tas 7177
49. ^1 {{coord|-42.889719|147.805765|display=inline}}
50. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://oztowers.com/Home/Query|title=Oz Towers, Search for towers in your area.|work=oztowers.com}}
51. ^119 Arthur Hwy, Dunalley, Tas 7177
52. ^{{coord|-42.887226|147.812031|display=inline}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whereis.com/tas/dunalley-7177/category-service-stations|title=Service Stations in Dunalley, TAS 7177 Australia - Whereis®}}
54. ^168 Arthur Hwy, Dunalley, Tas 7177
55. ^{{coord|-42.889480|147.806124|display=inline}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.womo.com.au/reviews/dunalley-general-store-dunalley|title=Dunalley General Store|date=9 August 2009|work=womo.com.au}}
57. ^Cole Street, Sorell, Tas 7172
58. ^{{coord|-42.782389|147.566468|display=inline}}
59. ^{{cite book|author=Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics|title=Mineral Resources of Australia: Summary reports|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=croRAAAAIAAJ}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mrt.tas.gov.au/mrtdoc/map_catalogue/map_public/898235_1/sorell50.pdf |title=Sorell Map |publisher=Mrt.tas.gov.au |accessdate=2015-07-13}}
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References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

  • [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=-42.93779807323374&nelng=147.81825781334192&place_id=any&quality_grade=research&swlat=-42.95507557704995&swlng=147.76036501396447 Map of verified biological species identified on Smooth Island]
  • [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?introduced&nelat=-42.93779807323374&nelng=147.81825781334192&place_id=any&quality_grade=research&swlat=-42.95507557704995&swlng=147.76036501396447 Map of introduced species found on Smooth Island]
  • [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?captive=true&nelat=-42.93779807323374&nelng=147.81825781334192&place_id=any&swlat=-42.95507557704995&swlng=147.76036501396447&verifiable=any Map of ecological rehabilitation on Smooth Island]
  • [https://browse.digitalglobe.com/imagefinder/catalogListDisplay.do?noCache=1441535065215 Satellite imagery of Smooth Island]{{Dead link|date=February 2017}}
{{Islands of Tasmania |state=autocollapse}}{{South East Tasmania |state=autocollapse}}

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