| 词条 | SM U-111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SM U-111{{#tag:ref|"SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" ({{lang-en|His Majesty's}}) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.|group=Note}} was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.[2] She was the only submarine which had a clergyman on board (Wilhelm Meinhold, Marinepfarrer). Completed at Kiel early in January 1918, she went to the Kiel School for shakedown and training until March, when she joined 4. Flottille.[3] She was monitored continuously by British Naval Intelligence (Room 30), on which her movement reports are based. All her operations took place in 1918. Service historyShe departed 26 March on her first war patrol, operating in the Irish Sea and western entrance to the English Channel, sinking two steamers and returning to Kiel and 23 April.[4] Her second patrol began 27 May, sailing from Heligoland Bight via Muckle Flugga to the western English Channel. She sank at least one confirmed steamer, and returned the same way, arriving 24 June.[5] Her third patrol, between 25 August and 29 September, was via Fastnet and Scillies into the Irish Sea, where she was hampered by British A/S patrols and obtained no sinkings.[6] Post War CareerU-111 surrendered at Harwich,England 20 November 1918, after the Armistice.[7] On 7 April 1919, under the command of Lieutenant Commander Freeland A. Daubin, she sailed for the United States after 12 days of preparations and testing.[8] On her mast the United States flag flew above the Reich War Flag. She arrived first at Portland, Maine on 18 April 1919, and then in New York City, New York on 19 April 1919 where U-111 docked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.[9][10] The U-111, along with four other captured German submarines that were brought to the United States, were used to promote the sale of the Victory Liberty Loan.[11] The U-111 can be seen in a short newsreel film after her arrival on YouTube.[12]Originally the U-164 was supposed to come to the United States, but it was found in such atrocious shape that the U-111 was substituted.[13] The other ships that were brought over to the United States were U-117, U-140, UB-88, UB-148, and UC-97. All sailed to America under their own power except U-140 which was towed.[14] These submarines were listed in U.S. Navy records as the Ex-German Submarine Expeditionary Force.[15] By early September of 1919 the U-111 had completed a head-to-head comparison test against the American submarine USS S-3 (SS-107).[16] It was found that, "The American boat is speedier, has a greater radius of action and is much more habitable than the German boats. Naval officers are of the opinion that the American submarine is the more seaworthy."[17] A summary of the results of the tests from this article are shown in the following table.[17][18]
During the period of October 1919 to April 1920 U-111 was used for mechanical efficiency experiments off the coast of Florida and Cuba. During these trials she achieved better speeds than in the test results shown above. She was able to go 17.08 knots on the surface, and the submerged speed was almost one knot better than the Germans were able to achieve. The submarine traveled over 11,000 miles, there were no problems during her operation, and the only maintenance performed was of a routine nature (cleaning, painting, etc.). She then made her way to Portsmouth, New Hampshire for decommissioning and destruction.[19] The U-111s final days on the seas were supposed to conclude in 1921. On 18 June 1921, while being towed from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, to be used as a target for aerial bombing by airplanes, she started to take on water. She sank about three miles off the coast of Cape Henry, Virginia, in 35 feet of water, well short of the 50 miles offshore where the tests were to take place. The stern of the submarine remained protruding above the water.[20][21] Considered a navigation hazard, she was raised on 14 August 1922 by the USS Falcon, placed on pontoons, brought back to Norfolk Navy Yard, where she sank again in Number 3 dry dock before it could be pumped out.[22][23][24] The submarine was refloated one more time, patched up, and on 30 August 1922 she made a final journey to sea.[25] The U-111 was sunk on 31 August 1922 when her hatches were opened, and the USS Falcon set off a depth charge by the sub. Her remains are approximately 300 feet below the ocean surface near the Winter Quarters Shoal lightship along the Virginia coast.[26][27] Summary of raiding history
GalleryReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=27|name=Hans Beyersdorff|type=1comm|accessdate=26 January 2015}} 2. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=111|name=U 111|type=1sub|accessdate=25 January 2010}} 3. ^Koerver. 4. ^Koerver. 5. ^Koerver. 6. ^Koerver. 7. ^Koerver. 8. ^{{cite news |author= |title=U-111 Shows Latest German Mechanism |work=The New York Times |location=New York |date=23 April 1919 |page=12 }} 9. ^{{cite newspaper |author= |title=Foe Sub Reaches Portland |work=The Washington Times |location=Washington, D.C. |date=20 April 1919 |page=37 }} 10. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Hun U-Boat at New York. |work=The Daily Banner |location=Cambridge, Maryland |date=21 April 1921 |page=4 }} 11. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Prize Gunners In War Drill To Boost Drive |work=The Washington Herald |location=Washington, D.C. |date=23 April 1919 |pages=1,3 }} 12. ^{{cite AV media |date= |title=Captured U-boat U-111 moored at New York port |medium=film |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCdjDTfCUfI |access-date=11 November 2018 |location=New York }} 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/u/u-111.html |title=U-111 |author= |date=20 October 2015 |website=Naval History and Heritage Command |publisher=United States Navy |access-date=9 November 2018 |quote=The crew assigned to U-164 found the submarine in such atrocious condition that it was impossible to ready her for the Victory Bond drive-the ostensible reason for which she had been acquired. For that reason, American authorities in England arranged to secure the substitution of U-111 for the cannibalized and dilapidated U-164.}} 14. ^{{cite book |last1=Gibson |first1=R.H. |last2=Prendergast |first2=Maurice |date=2002 |title=The German Submarine War 1914-1918 |location=Penzance, England |publisher=Periscope Publishing Ltd. |page=377 |isbn=1-904381-08-1}} 15. ^{{cite book |author= |title=Navy Directory, April 1, 1919 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |page=512 |date=1919 }} 16. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Our Submarine Wins U-Boat Test |work=The New York Times |location=New York |date=7 September 1919 |page=9 }} 17. ^1 {{cite newspaper |author= |title=U.S. Sub Beats Germany's Best |work=Madison Daily Leader |location=Madison, Wisconsin |date=15 October 1919 |page=5 }} 18. ^{{cite magazine |author= |title=Revival of Our Oldest Navy-Yard |magazine=Scientific American |location=New York, New York |publisher=Scientific American Publishing Company |date=10 January 1920 |pages=39, 47, 50-51 }} 19. ^{{cite magazine |author= |title="Der Tag" in America |url= |magazine=Our Navy |location=Floral Park, New York |publisher=Out Navy Publishing Company |date=October 1920 |volume=XIV |issue=6 |pages=7-8 }} 20. ^{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Richard |date=19 June 1921 |title=Submarine U-111, Former German Craft, Goes Down |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |location=Richmond, Virginia |page=1 }} 21. ^{{cite news |author= |title=U-Boat For Target Sinks |work=The Sunday Star |location=Washington, D.C. |date=19 June 1921 |page=1 }} 22. ^{{cite news |author= |title=To Raise U-Boat Sunk Off Cape Henry |work=The New York Times |location=New York |date=8 June 1922 |page=4 }} 23. ^{{cite news |author= |title=To Bury Former U-Boat Deep in the Atlantic |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |location=Richmond, Virginia |date=16 August 1922 |page=3 }} 24. ^{{cite news |author= |title="Spurlos Versenkt" Is Fate Awaiting Former German Submarine U-111 |work=The Lakeland Evening Telegram |location=Lakeland, Florida |date=18 August 1922 |page=1 }} 25. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Ready For Her Burial |work=The Lakeland Evening Telegram |location=Lakeland, Florida |date=29 August 1922 |page=1 }} 26. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Notorius U-Boat Sent To Bottom Off Virginia Coast |work=The Evening Star |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1 September 1922 |page=10 }} 27. ^{{cite news |author= |title=Navy Raises U-Boat and Sinks Her at Sea, to Fulfill Treaty |work=The New York Times |location=New York |date=2 September 1922 |page=1 }} 28. ^Tonnages are in gross register tons 29. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=u111|name=U 111|type=1boat|accessdate=26 January 2015}} 30. ^{{cite book |last=Negulesco |first=John A. |date= |title=Nonel |location=Bloomington, Indiana |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4535-9209-0 |page=147 }} Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
External links
|id=111 |name=U 111 |type=1sub |accessdate=26 January 2015 }}
5 : World War I submarines of Germany|German Type U 93 submarines|Ships built in Kiel|1917 ships|U-boats commissioned in 1917 |
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