“SM U-31 (Germany)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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SM U-31 (Germany)

释义

Design
Wreck discovery
Summary
References
Notes Citations
Bibliography
External links

{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship career

Hide header=

Ship country=German Empire

German Empire|naval}}

Ship name=U-31

Ship ordered=29 March 1912

Ship builder=Germaniawerft, Kiel ( 191)

Ship laid down=12 October 1912

Ship launched=7 January 1914

Ship commissioned=18 September 1914

Ship fate= c. 13 January 1915 – Mined in the North Sea; all hands lost.
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship class=German Type U 31 submarine

Ship displacement=

{{convert|685|t|LT|abbr=on}} (surfaced)
{{convert|878|t|LT|abbr=on}} (submerged)

Ship length=

{{convert|64.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a)
{{convert|52.36|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull)

Ship beam=

{{convert|6.32|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a)
{{convert|4.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (pressure hull)

3.56|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

2 × {{convert|1850|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|lk=on|0}} diesel engines
2 × {{convert|1200|PS|kW shp|abbr=on|0}} Doppelmodyn

Ship propulsion=

2 × shafts
2 × {{convert|1.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}} propellers

Ship speed=

{{convert|16.4|kn|lk=in}} (surfaced)
{{convert|9.7|kn}} (submerged)

Ship range=

{{convert|8790|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|8|kn}} (surfaced)
{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5|kn}} (submerged)

50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

Ship boats=1 dinghy

Ship complement=4 officers, 31 enlisted

Ship armament=

four {{convert|50|cm|in|sing=on|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (2 each bow and stern)
6 torpedoes

Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox service record

is_ship=yes

is_multi=yes

partof=

IV Flotilla
18 September 1914 – 13 January 1915

commanders=

Oblt.z.S. Siegfried Wachendorff^[1]
1 August 1914 – 13 January 1915

operations=1 patrol

victories=None
}}

SM U-31{{#tag:ref|"SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" ({{lang-en|His Majesty's}}) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.|group=Note}} was one of the 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I.

U-31 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic.

U-31 sailed from Wilhelmshaven on 13 January 1915 but disappeared shortly thereafter. It was assumed, correctly, she had struck a mine, and sunk with all hands somewhere in the North Sea.

Design

German Type U 31 submarines were double-hulled ocean-going submarines similar to Type 23 and Type 27 subs in dimensions and differed only slightly in propulsion and speed. They were considered very good high seas boats with average manoeuvrability and good surface steering.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=6}}

U-31 had an overall length of {{convert|64.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, her pressure hull was {{convert|52.36|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long. The boat's beam was {{convert|6.32|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (o/a), while the pressure hull measured {{convert|4.05|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. Type 31s had a draught of {{convert|3.56|m|ftin|abbr=on}} with a total height of {{convert|7.68|-|8.04|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The boats displaced a total of {{convert|971|t|LT}}; {{convert|685|t|LT|abbr=on}} when surfaced and {{convert|878|t|LT|abbr=on}} when submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=6}}

U-31 was fitted with two Germania 6-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines with a total of {{convert|1850|PS|kW bhp|0|lk=on}} for use on the surface and two Siemens-Schuckert double-acting electric motors with a total of {{convert|1200|PS|kW shp|0|abbr=on}} for underwater use. These engines powered two shafts each with a {{convert|1.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}} propeller, which gave the boat a top surface speed of {{convert|16.4|kn|lk=in}}, and {{convert|9.7|kn}} when submerged. Cruising range was {{convert|8790|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|8|kn}} on the surface, and {{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5|kn}} under water. Diving depth was {{convert|50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=6}}

The U-boat was armed with four {{convert|50|cm|in|sing=on|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes, two fitted in the bow and two in the stern, and carried 6 torpedoes. The boat's complement was 4 officers and 31 enlisted.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=6}}

Wreck discovery

The wreck of U-31 had been discovered in 2012 about {{convert|55|mi|km}} off the coast of East Anglia during surveys made in preparation for the construction of an offshore wind farm. However, the wreck was not formally identified until 9 September 2015 when the Dutch Lamlash wreck-diving team discovered the hull number engraved on a salvaged item of navigation equipment.^[2]

Summary

2012: Wreck found during sonar survey by Fugro for Offshore Windfarm Project by Scottish Power Renewables

2013 and 2014: Wreck surveyed by RNLNavy with divers and sonar in the course of the search for the wreck of HNLMS O13, lost on patrol in June 1940 in the North Sea. This wreck could be classified as a World War I SM U-31 series U-boat

2015: Wreck positively identified by Dutch divers from mv Lamlash - Haarlem as the SM U-31 (Hull number found on a “Fahrt Tabelle” (Manoeuvring Settings Table)).

2016: Discovery made public by Windfarm Developer Vattenfall Wind Power Ltd.

2017: Lamlash wreckdiving team stay searching for relatives of the crew. please contact us as you know more.

References

Notes

1. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=380|name=Siegfried Wachendorff|type=1comm|accessdate=16 March 2015}}
2. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/12111424/WW1-U-boat-mystery-solved-after-wreck-discovered-by-offshore-wind-farm-developers.html | title=WW1 U-boat mystery solved after wreck discovered by offshore wind farm developers | work=The Daily Telegraph | date=20 Jan 2016 | accessdate=20 January 2016 | author=Gosden, Emily}}

Citations

Bibliography

{{cite book

|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|author-link1=
|author-mask1=
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|display-authors=
|last-author-amp=
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991
}}

{{cite book

|last=Kemp
|first=Paul
|year=1997
|title=U-boats destroyed, German submarine losses in the World Wars
|location=London
|publisher=Arms & Armour Press
|isbn=1-85409-321-5
|page=11
}}

External links

{{cite Uboat.net

|id=31
|name=U 31
|type=1sub
}}{{German Type U 31 submarines}}{{January 1915 shipwrecks}}{{use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0031}}

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