| 词条 | Mercury sulfide |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 441024282 | Name = Mercury sulfide | ImageFile1 = HgS-alpha-cinnabar-xtal-1999-looking-down-a-axis-CM-3D-balls.png | ImageFile2 = HgS-alpha-cinnabar-xtal-1999-looking-down-c-axis-CM-3D-balls.png | ImageSize2 = 150px | IUPACName = Mercury sulfide | OtherNames = Cinnabar Vermilion |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 1344-48-5 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | PubChem = 62402 |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = HgS | MolarMass = 232.66 g/mol | Density = 8.10 g/cm3 | Solubility = insoluble | MeltingPtC = 580 | MeltingPt_notes = decomposes | BandGap = 2.1 eV (direct, α-HgS) [1] | RefractIndex = w=2.905, e=3.256, bire=0.3510 (α-HgS) [2] | MagSus = −55.4·10−6 cm3/mol |Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry | DeltaHf = −58 kJ·mol−1[3] | Entropy = 78 J·mol−1·K−1[3] |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = ICSC 0981 | EUClass = Very toxic (T+) Dangerous for the environment (N) | RPhrases = {{R26/27/28}}, {{R33}}, {{R50/53}} | SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S13}}, {{S28}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}} | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 1 | NFPA-R = 0 | FlashPt = Non-flammable | PEL = |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherAnions = Mercury oxide Mercury selenide Mercury telluride | OtherCations = Zinc sulfide Cadmium sulfide | OtherCompounds = }}Mercury sulfide, mercuric sulfide, mercury sulphide, or mercury(II) sulfide is a chemical compound composed of the chemical elements mercury and sulfur. It is represented by the chemical formula HgS. It is virtually insoluble in water.[4] Crystal structureHgS is dimorphic with two crystal forms:
Crystals of red, α-HgS, are optically active. This is caused by the Hg-S helices in the structure.[5] Preparation and chemistryβ-HgS is precipitated as a black powder when H2S is bubbled through solutions of Hg(II) salts.[6] β-HgS is unreactive to all but concentrated acids.[4] UsesWhen α-HgS is used as a red pigment, it is known as vermilion. The tendency of vermilion to darken has been ascribed to conversion from red α-HgS to black β-HgS. However β-HgS was not detected at excavations in Pompeii, where originally red walls darkened, and was attributed to the formation of Hg-Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite) and calcium sulfate, gypsum.[7] See also
References1. ^L. I. Berger, Semiconductor Materials (1997) CRC Press {{ISBN|0-8493-8912-7}} {{Mercury compounds}}{{Sulfides}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mercury Sulfide}}2. ^Webminerals 3. ^1 {{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A22}} 4. ^1 2 {{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=1406}} 5. ^{{cite journal| author = A. M. Glazer, K. Stadnicka | year = 1986| title = On the origin of optical activity in crystal structures| journal = J. Appl. Cryst.| volume = 19| pages = 108–122| doi = 10.1107/S0021889886089823| issue = 2}} 6. ^{{Cotton&Wilkinson6th}} 7. ^{{cite journal| last = Cotte| first1 = M| author2 =Susini J |author3=Metrich N |author4=Moscato A |author5=Gratziu C |author6=Bertagnini A |author7=Pagano M| year = 2006| title = Blackening of Pompeian Cinnabar Paintings: X-ray Microspectroscopy Analysis| journal = Anal. Chem.| volume = 78| issue = 21| pages = 7484–7492| doi = 10.1021/ac0612224| id =| url =| accessdate =| quote =| pmid = 17073416 }} 2 : Sulfides|Mercury compounds |
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