| 词条 | Mer Hayrenik | ||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|title = Մեր Հայրենիք |transcription = Mer Hajrenikh |english_title = 'Our Fatherland' |image = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |caption = The Armenian emblem. |prefix = National |country = {{ARM}} |author = Mikael Nalbandian |lyrics_date = 1861 |composer = Barsegh Kanachyan |music_date = |adopted = 1918 |until = 1922 |readopted = 1991 |sound = Mer Hayrenik instrumental.ogg |sound_title = "Mer Hayrenik" (Instrumental) }} "Mer Hayrenik" ({{lang-hy|Մեր Հայրենիք}}, {{IPA-hy|mɛɾ hɑjɾɛnikʰ|pron}}; 'Our Fatherland') is the national anthem of Armenia. Barsegh Kanachyan composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by Mikayel Nalbandian. First adopted in 1918 as the anthem of the short-lived First Republic of Armenia, it was subsequently banned after the country was invaded and incorporated into the Soviet Union. Following the dissolution of the USSR and the restoration of sovereignty in 1991, the song was re-adopted as the national anthem of the newly-independent state, albeit with slightly modified lyrics. HistoryComposition and first republic (until 1920)The lyrics of "Mer Hayrenik" were derived from a poem written by Mikael Nalbandian in 1861.[1][2] Although its title can be translated as "The Italian Girl's Song"[2] or "Song of an Italian girl" ({{lang-hy|Իտալացի աղջկա երգը|translit=Italats’i aghjka yergy}}),[3] it is more well-known by its incipit, "Mer Hayrenik" (Our Fatherland).[2][4] In the early 20th century,[1] the music was composed by Barsegh Kanachyan.[3] Subsequently, both the lyrics and music were adopted as the national anthem of the First Republic of Armenia, which briefly existed from 1918 to 1920.[3][5] Soviet era (1920–1991)The Red Army invaded Armenia in November 1920, in spite of the Treaty of Sèvres – which granted the country international recognition as a sovereign state – having been signed only three months earlier.[6] In 1922, it was absorbed into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR), together with Azerbaijan and Georgia, and the TSFSR subsequently became part of the Soviet Union at the end of that same year.[7] As an unmistakable symbol of Armenian nationalism, "Mer Hayrenik" was outlawed by the Bolshevik authorities.[2][5] In its place, the Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was utilized from 1944 onwards.[8][9] Because of this, "Mer Hayrenik" took on a new status as a protest song against Soviet rule during this time.[5] Restoration of sovereignty and beyond (1991–present)"Mer Hayrenik" was reinstated as Armenia's national anthem on 1 July 1991,[3] by the constituent republic's Supreme Soviet.[10] The lyrics are not identical to the 1918 version, however, because several of the words have been modified.[1][11] As an intrinsic element of civic education in Armenia, the anthem is one of several national symbols which feature prominently in the classrooms of the country's schools. By dignifying the song in this manner, teachers reckon that this "encourage[s] students to sing the national anthem every day".[12] LyricsCurrent textNote that the last two lines in each verse are repeated.
English translationThat has for centuries lived, Is now summoning its sons To the free, independent Armenia. Here is a flag for you, my brother, That I have sewn by hand Over the sleepless nights, And bathed in my tears. Look at it, tricolored, A valuable symbol for us. Let it shine against the enemy. Let you, Armenia, be glorious forever. Death is the same everywhere, A man dies but once, Blessed is the one that dies For the freedom of his nation. Original textMer Hayrenik is based on the first, third, fourth and sixth stanzas of the original poem The Song of an Italian Girl.
Context of lyricsThe lyrics of "Mer Hayrenik" promotes the worthiness of "dying for the freedom" of Armenia.[13] Its discussion of death, however, has led several commentators to complain that the anthem is overly "wimpy" and "gloomy".[5][14] Specifically, some members of the National Assembly are of the opinion that the song – written at the time of the first fight for independence – does not accurately reflect the present era of triumph and success.[15] However, none of the proposals to replace "Mer Hayrenik" have come to fruition,[16] as the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) – which were part of the coalition government[5] – have so far resisted efforts to change the national anthem.[5][14] In popular cultureThe title of the national anthem is used as the name of a television channel for Armenian expatriates residing in Russia. Mer Hayrenik TV is based in the city of Novosibirsk, the administrative centre of both Novosibirsk Oblast as well as the Siberian Federal District.[17] Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^1 2 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=BFN6SuymI00C&pg=PA69|title=Armenia in Pictures|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|date=1 September 2008|last=Waters|first=Bella|page=69|accessdate=29 April 2017|isbn=9780822585763}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QS-vSjHObOYC&pg=PA469|title=Historical Dictionary of Armenia|publisher=Scarecrow Press|date=13 May 2010|last=Adalian|first=Rouben Paul|page=469|accessdate=28 April 2017|isbn=9780810874503}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=June 15 is the day of Armenian state symbols|url=http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/06/15/june-15-is-the-day-of-armenian-state-symbols-3/|date=15 June 2016|first=Siranush|last=Ghazanchyan|accessdate=28 April 2017|work=|publisher=Public Radio of Armenia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428110203/http://www.armradio.am/en/2016/06/15/june-15-is-the-day-of-armenian-state-symbols-3/|archivedate=28 April 2017}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=GmtPLvnrc38C&pg=PA293|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=2005|volume=3|editor-last=Hacikyan|editor-first=Agop Jack|page=293|accessdate=29 April 2017|isbn=978-0814332214}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=CIS: Armenia Latest To Agonize Over Anthem|url=http://www.rferl.org/a/1070808.html|date=24 August 2006|first=Robert|last=Parsons|accessdate=28 April 2017|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|publisher=Broadcasting Board of Governors|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427232230/http://www.rferl.org/a/1070808.html|archivedate=27 April 2017}} 6. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=|first=|editor-last=|editor-first=|encyclopedia=Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations|title=Armenia – History|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/places/commonwealth-independent-states-and-baltic-nations/cis-and-baltic-political-geography-3#HISTORY|access-date=28 April 2017|edition=12th|year=2007|publisher=Thomson Gale}} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia|first1=Charles James Frank|last1=Dowsett|first2=Ronald Grigor|last2=Suny|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Armenia – History|url=https://global.britannica.com/place/Armenia/Administration-and-social-conditions#toc129456|date=14 March 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.}} 8. ^{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|title=Aram Khachaturian|url=https://global.britannica.com/biography/Aram-Khachaturian|date=14 December 2000|accessdate=28 April 2017|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03kp74c|title=Aram Khachaturian|work=BBC Music|publisher=BBC|date=|accessdate=28 April 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=About Armenia – General Information|url=http://www.gov.am/en/official/|date=|accessdate=28 April 2017|website=|publisher=Government of the Republic of Armenia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428121445/http://www.gov.am/en/official/|archivedate=28 April 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Armenia|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html|date=12 January 2017|accessdate=29 April 2017|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last=Terzian|first=Shelley|year=2016|title=International Influences on Post-Soviet Armenian Education|journal=European Journal of Education|volume=51|issue=2|pages=292–293|doi=10.1111/ejed.12143}} {{registration required}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Euro 2012 diary: Armenians' catchy anthem may raise roof|url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/euro-2012-diary-armenians-catchy-anthem-may-raise-roof-26677446.html|date=2 September 2010|accessdate=29 April 2017|first=Daniel|last=McDonnell|newspaper=Irish Independent|location=Dublin}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|title=National Symbols: Artists again raise questions over Armenian anthem, coat of arms |url=https://www.armenianow.com/society/61123/armenia_emblem_anthem_symbols |date=4 March 2015 |first=Gayane |last=Mkrtchyan |accessdate=29 April 2017 |newspaper=ArmeniaNow |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6q55MBFXR?url=https://www.armenianow.com/society/61123/armenia_emblem_anthem_symbols |archivedate=29 April 2017 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|title=National Assembly Debates the Draft on the National Anthem of the Republic of Armenia|url=http://www.parliament.am/news.php?cat_id=2&NewsID=2145&year=2006&month=11&day=28&lang=eng|date=28 November 2006|accessdate=29 April 2017|website=|publisher=National Assembly of the Republic of Armenia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429073649/http://www.parliament.am/news.php?cat_id=2&NewsID=2145&year=2006&month=11&day=28&lang=eng|archivedate=29 April 2017}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Symbols of Debate: Initiative underway to restore historic Coat of Arms and anthem |url=https://www.armenianow.com/society/41652/martiros_saryan_aram_khachaturyan_armenia_coat_of_arms_flag |date=4 December 2012 |first=Gayane |last=Abrahamyan |accessdate=29 April 2017 |newspaper=ArmeniaNow |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6q56Tc2Dk?url=https://www.armenianow.com/society/41652/martiros_saryan_aram_khachaturyan_armenia_coat_of_arms_flag |archivedate=29 April 2017 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 17. ^{{cite journal|last1=Ter-Matevosyan|first1=Vahram|last2=Danielyan|first2=Hamazasp|last3=Sisserian|first3=Serge-Varak|last4=Kankanyan|first4=Nina|last5=Shorjian|first5=Nayiri|year=2017|title=Institutions and identity politics in the Armenian diaspora: the cases of Russia and Lebanon|journal=Diaspora Studies|volume=10|issue=1|pages=78|doi=10.1080/09739572.2016.1239436}} {{registration required}} External links
6 : Armenian music|National symbols of Armenia|Asian anthems|European anthems|National anthems|National anthem compositions in F major |
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