释义 |
- Required for Eagle Scout
- Current badges
- "Colleges"
- Workbooks
- Historical program
- See also
- References Sources
- External links
{{for|history regarding merit badge types|History of merit badges (Boy Scouts of America)}}{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2014}}{{Infobox WorldScouting |name=Merit badges |image=Fish and Wildlife Management merit badge, type J front.png |caption=Fish and Wildlife Management merit badge |type=award |owner=Boy Scouts of America |f-date=1911 |defunct = |website = }}Merit Badges are awards earned by members of Boy Scouts Of America , based on activities within the area of study by completing a list of periodically updated requirements.[1] The purpose of the merit badge program is to allow Scouts examine subjects to determine if they would like to further pursue them as a career or vocation. Originally, the program also introduced Scouts to the life skills of contacting an adult they hadn't met before, arranging a meeting and then demonstrating their skills, similar to a job or college interview. Increasingly, though, merit badges are earned in a class setting at troop meetings and summer camps.[2]Each merit badge has a pamphlet (booklet) associated with it; the pamphlet contains information on completing the requirements for the badge. Scouts must meet up with their Scoutmasters to receive a signed blue card in order to begin working on a merit badge. The Scout then contacts an adult who is registered as a counselor for that merit badge in order to learn which badge requirements they must complete before meeting. Once these requirements are completed, the Scout meets with the counselor to demonstrate that the Scout has completed the requirements. The counselor then 'signs off' on each requirement. After completing the merit badge, the Scout can then purchase a merit badge patch.[3] The award of a merit badge is represented by a circular patch with an image representing the badge's topic. The patches for the Eagle-required merit badges are distinguishable by the silver ring on the outside edge. Merit badges are displayed on a sash which can be worn with the Boy Scout uniform on formal occasions. Every year the National Council reviews and updates a certain number of merit badges. There are over 100 merit badges. Scouting organizations in other countries issue or have issued merit badges, including Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. Austria has a program similar to merit badges for certain age groups. Required for Eagle ScoutThe current requirements for Eagle Scout, the highest rank in Boy Scouting, involve earning 21 merit badges including the 13 in this list[4]: - Camping
- Personal Fitness
- Personal Management
- Swimming, Hiking, or Cycling
- First Aid
- Citizenship in the Community
- Citizenship in the Nation
- Citizenship in the World
- Cooking
- Family Life
- Emergency Preparedness (E-Prep) or Lifesaving
- Environmental Science or Sustainability
- Communication
Current badgesThe last revision date indicates the date of the latest requirement changes; the copyright or printing dates of merit badge pamphlets may have a different date. The Eagle Scout required merit badges are shaded in gray (see above paragraph for details).[5] Name | Created | Requirements revision | Pamphlet revision | Related subjects | American Business | 1967 | 2002 | 2008 | Business, Economy of the United States | American Cultures | 1978 | 2005 | 2008 | Ethnic groups in the United States | American Heritage | 1975 | 2018 | 2019, 2020 | History of the United States, Historic preservation | American Labor | 1987 | 2006 | 2008 | Trade unions | Animal Science | 1975 | 2006 | 2008 | Animal husbandry | Animation[6] | 2015 | 2015 | 2015 | Animation | Archaeology | 1997 | 2008 | 2008 | Archaeology | Archery | 1911 | 2012 | 2008 | Archery | Architecture | 1911 | 2008 | 2008 | Architecture | Art | 1911 | 2006 | 2008 | Art | Astronomy | 1911 | 2013 | 2013 | Astronomy | Athletics | 1911 | 2006 | 2008 | Track and field athletics | Automotive Maintenance | 2008 | 2008 | 2012 | Auto mechanics | Aviation | 1952 | 2006 | 2008 | Aviation | Backpacking | 1982 | 2007 | 2008 | Backpacking | Basketry | 1927 | 2003 | 2008 | Basket weaving | Bird Study | 1914 | 2005 | 2008 | Ornithology | Bugling | 1911 | 2003 | 2008 | Bugle | Camping | 1911 | 2005 | 2008 | Camping | Canoeing | 1927 | 2004 | 2008 | Canoeing | Chemistry | 1911 | 2004 | 2008 | Chemistry | Chess | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | Chess | Citizenship in the Community | 1952 | 2005 | 2013 | Citizenship | Citizenship in the Nation | 1951 | 2005 | 2008 | Citizenship | Citizenship in the World | 1972 | 2005 | 2008 | Global citizenship | Climbing | 1997 | 2006 | 2008 | Climbing | Coin Collecting | 1938 | 2008 | 2008 | Coin collecting | Collections | 1991 | 2008 | 2008 | Collecting | Communication | 1968 | 2003 | 2008 | Communication | Composite Materials | 2006 | 2006 | 2008 | Composite materials | Cooking | 1911 | 2016 | 2014 | Cooking | Crime Prevention | 1996 | 2005 | 2008 | Crime prevention | Cycling | 1911 | 2003 | 2008 | Cycling | Dentistry | 1975 | 2006 | 2008 | Dentistry | Digital Technology | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 | Technology | Disabilities Awareness | 1993 | 2005 | 2008 | Disability | Dog Care | 1938 | 2003 | 2008 | Dogs | Drafting | 1965 | 2008 | 2008 | Technical drawing | Electricity | 1911 | 2004 | 2008 | Electricity | Electronics | 1963 | 2004 | 2008 | Electronics | Emergency Preparedness | 1972 | 2008 | 2016 | Emergency management | Energy | 1976 | 2005 | 2008 | Energy | Engineering | 1967 | 2008 | 2008 | Engineering | Entrepreneurship | 1997 | 2006 | 2008 | Entrepreneurship | Environmental Science | 1972 | 2006 | 2008 | Environmental science | Exploration | 2017 | 2017 | 2017 | Exploring | Family Life | 1991 | 2005 | 2013 | Family values | Farm Mechanics | 1928 | 2008 | 2008 | Agricultural machinery | Fingerprinting | 1938 | 2003 | 2008 | Fingerprinting | Fire Safety | 1995 | 2004 | 2008 | Fire safety | First Aid | 1911 | 2007 | 2008 | First aid | Fish and Wildlife Management | 1972 | 2004 | 2008 | Wildlife management | Fishing | 1952 | 2002 | 2008 | Fishing | Fly Fishing | 2002 | 2002 | 2008 | Fly fishing | Forestry | 1911 | 2005 | 2008 | Forestry | Game Design | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | Game Design | Gardening | 1911 | 2002 | 2008 | Gardening | Genealogy | 1972 | 2005 | 2008 | Genealogy, Family history | Geocaching | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | Geocaching | Geology | 1953 | 2005 | 2008 | Geology | Golf | 1976 | 2002 | 2008 | Golf | Graphic Arts | 1987 | 2006 | 2008 | Graphic design | Hiking | 1921 | 2007 | 2008 | Hiking | Home Repairs | 1943 | 2002 | 2008 | Home repairs | Horsemanship | 1911 | 2011 | 2008 | Equestrianism | Indian Lore | 1931 | 2008 | 2008 | Native American culture | Insect Study | 1985 | 2008 | 2008 | Entomology | Inventing[7] | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | Invention | Journalism | 1927 | 2006 | 2008 | Journalism | Kayaking | 2012 | 2012 | 2016 | Kayaking | Landscape Architecture | 1967 | 2008 | 2008 | Landscape architecture | Law | 1974 | 2003 | 2008 | Law | Leatherwork | 1951 | 2002 | 2008 | Leather crafting | Lifesaving | 1911 | 2008 | 2008 | Lifeguarding | Mammal Study | 1985 | 2003 | 2008 | Zoology | Medicine | 1991 | 2002 | 2008 | Medicine | Metalwork | 1927 | 2007 | 2008 | Metalworking | Mining in Society | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 | Mining | Model Design and Building | 1963 | 2003 | 2008 | Scale models | Motorboating | 1961 | 2008 | 2008 | Motorboat | Moviemaking | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | Filmmaking | Music | 1911 | 2003 | 2008 | Music | Nature | 1952 | 2003 | 2008 | Nature | Nuclear Science | 2005 | 2011 | 2008 | Nuclear physics | Oceanography | 1964 | 2003 | 2008 | Oceanography | Orienteering | 1973 | 2003 | 2008 | Orienteering | Painting | 1911 | 2008 | 2008 | Paint | Personal Fitness | 1952 | 2006 | 2008 | Physical fitness | Personal Management | 1972 | 2003 | 2008 | Personal finances, time management | Pets | 1958 | 2003 | 2008 | Pets | Photography | 1911 | 2016 | 2015 | Photography | Pioneering | 1911 | 2006 | 2008 | Pioneering | Plant Science | 1974 | 2005 | 2008 | Botany | Plumbing | 1911 | 2004 | 2008 | Plumbing | Pottery | 1927 | 2008 | 2008 | Pottery | Programming | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | Computer programming | Public Health | 1911 | 2005 | 2008 | Public health | Public Speaking | 1932 | 2002 | 2008 | Public speaking | Pulp and Paper | 1972 | 2006 | 2008 | Pulp, Papermaking | Radio | 1923 | 2008 | 2008 | Radio | Railroading | 1952 | 2003 | 2008 | Rail transport | Reading | 1929 | 2003 | 2008 | Reading | Reptile and Amphibian Study | 1993 | 2005 | 2008 | Herpetology | Rifle Shooting | 1988 | 2001 | 2008 | Rifle, Shooting | Robotics | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | Robotics | Rowing | 1933 | 2006 | 2008 | Rowing | Safety | 1927 | 2006 | 2008 | Safety | Salesmanship | 1927 | 2003 | 2008 | Sales | Scholarship | 1911 | 2004 | 2008 | Scholarship | Scouting Heritage | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | History of the Boy Scouts of America | Scuba Diving | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | Scuba Diving | Sculpture | 1911 | 2007 | 2008 | Sculpture | Search and Rescue | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | Search and rescue | Shotgun Shooting | 1988 | 2005 | 2008 | Shotgun, shooting | Signs, Signals, and Codes | 2015 | 2015 | 2015 | Signs, signals, codes | Skating | 1973 | 2005 | 2008 | Ice skating, Roller skating | Small-Boat Sailing | 1964 | 2004 | 2008 | Sailing | Snow Sports | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | Skiing, Snowboarding | Soil and Water Conservation | 1952 | 2004 | 2008 | Soil conservation, Water conservation | Space Exploration | 1965 | 2004 | 2008 | Space exploration | Sports | 1972 | 2011 | 2008 | Sports | Stamp Collecting | 1932 | 2007 | 2008 | Stamp collecting | Surveying | 1911 | 2004 | 2008 | Surveying | Sustainability | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | Sustainability | Swimming | 1911 | 2014 | 2008 | Swimming | Textile | 1973 | 2003 | 2008 | Textiles | Theater | 1967 | 2005 | 2008 | Theatre | Traffic Safety | 1975 | 2006 | 2008 | Road traffic safety | Truck Transportation | 1973 | 2005 | 2008 | Truck driver | Veterinary Medicine | 1995 | 2005 | 2008 | Veterinary medicine | Water Sports | 1969 | 2007 | 2008 | Waterskiing | Weather | 1927 | 2006 | 2008 | Weather | Welding | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | Welding | Whitewater | 1987 | 2005 | 2008 | Whitewater rafting | Wilderness Survival | 1974 | 2007 | 2008 | Wilderness, Survival skills | Wood Carving | 1923 | 2006 | 2008 | Wood carving | Woodwork | 1923 | 2003 | 2008 | Woodworking | {{notelist}}"Colleges"Merit badge colleges, which are also called fairs, weekends, midways, ‘’trail drives’’, or jamborees, are events where several troops and counselors meet and focus on teaching merit badges. Larger events are held on college campuses. WorkbooksInto the 1990s, a number of merit badge counselors developed worksheets as a way for Scouts to document their work. Counselors could teach to a group but still verify each Scout's progress. Today, worksheets have given way to workbooks with added graph paper, blank maps and diagrams, logs, charts, checklists, links, and other resources as needed. One of the sites you can use to print them out is merit badge.org. [8] Merit badge workbooks are used by counselors, summer camps, and merit badge colleges. Workbooks have also been developed for ranks, Cub Scout belt loops, and Webelos activity pins. Historical programOffered only in 2010, The Historical Merit Badge program, part of the Boy Scouts of America centennial, allowed Scouts to earn the discontinued Carpentry, Pathfinding, Signalling, and Tracking (originally called Stalking) merit badges. The patches for these historical merit badges are distinguished by a gold ring on the outside edge. All were based on merit badges that were among the original 57 issued in 1911.[9][10] See also- Discontinued merit badges (Boy Scouts of America)
- History of merit badges (Boy Scouts of America)
- Original 57 merit badges (Boy Scouts of America)
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scouting.org/meritbadges.aspx|title=Merit Badges – Boy Scouts of America|website=www.scouting.org}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Merit_Badge_Days|title=Merit Badge Day - MeritBadgeDotOrg|website=meritbadge.org}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usscouts.org/usscouts/meritbadges.asp|title=USSSP: Merit Badges|website=www.usscouts.org}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.scouting.org/filestore/boyscouts/pdf/Eagle_rank_2017.pdf|title=Eagle Rank Requirements|website=scouting.org}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.usscouts.org/advancementTOC.asp#merit |work=US Scouts.org Advancement section |title=Merit Badge Requirements |accessdate=February 9, 2006}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Boy Scouts of America Introduces Animation Merit Badge|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/boy-scouts-of-america-introduces-animation-merit-badge-300084804.html|website=PR Newswire|accessdate=19 May 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2010/06/inventing-mb.html |title=Boy Scouts and Lemelson-MIT Program introduce Inventing merit badge |date=June 17, 2010 |work=Scouting |accessdate=June 18, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620211855/http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2010/06/inventing-mb.html |archivedate=June 20, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usscouts.org/mb/mbindex.asp|title=Merit Badge Requirements|website=www.usscouts.org}} 9. ^{{cite journal|url=http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2010/01/historical-merit-badges-help-boy-scouts-celebrate-scoutings-past.html |title=Historical merit badges help Boy Scouts celebrate Scouting’s past |date=January 12, 2010 |work=Scouting |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |accessdate=January 13, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115072250/http://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2010/01/historical-merit-badges-help-boy-scouts-celebrate-scoutings-past.html |archivedate=January 15, 2010 |df= }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usscouts.org/usscouts/mb/mb141.asp|title=Historic Signaling Merit Badge|website=www.usscouts.org}}
Sources- {{cite web |url=http://www.scouting.org/boyscouts/resources/32215/mb/library.html |title=Merit Badge Library |accessdate=June 6, 2007 |date=June 2007 |work=Boy Scout Requirements |publisher=Boy Scouts of America |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200429/http://www.scouting.org/boyscouts/resources/32215/mb/library.html |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.usscouts.org/mb/mbbooks.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001003032428/http://usscouts.org/mb/mbbooks.html|title=Current Merit Badge Pamphlet and Merit Badge Requirement Revision Dates |accessdate=June 6, 2007 |date=June 5, 2007 |work=U.S. Scouting Service Project |dead-url=yes |archivedate=2000-10-03}}
- {{cite web |url=http://home.earthlink.net/~scouters/mb.html |title=Merit Badges, Past and Present |accessdate=June 6, 2007 |author=Steve Henning |date=July 20, 1999 |work=Henning's Scouters' Pages }}
External links{{Commons}}- {{cite web |title=Introduction to Merit Badges |url=http://www.scouting.org/scoutsource/BoyScouts/AdvancementandAwards/MeritBadges.aspx |publisher=Boy Scouts of America}}
- {{cite web |title=MeritBadge.org |url=http://meritbadge.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page}}
- {{cite web |title=Merit Badges |url=http://www.usscouts.org/ |publisher=U.S. Scouting Service Project}}
- {{cite web |title=IEEE emeritbadges.org |url=http://www.emeritbadges.org/ |publisher=IEEE}}
- {{cite web |title=Merit Badge reference |url=http://www.trail2eagle.com/ |publisher=Trail To Eagle}}
- {{dmoz|/Recreation/Scouting/Resources/Badge_Program/Boy_Scouts_of_America/|Badge Program: Boy Scouts of America}}
- {{dmoz|/Recreation/Scouting/Collectibles/Virtual_Collections/Badges_and_Patches/|Scouting: Collectibles: Virtual Collections: Badges and Patches}}
{{Scoutorg BSA}}{{Scouting}}{{DEFAULTSORT: Merit Badge (Boy Scouts Of America)}} 2 : Advancement and recognition in the Boy Scouts of America|Scouting uniform |