| 词条 | Solana Generating Station | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Solana Generating Station Project | image = Abengoa Solar (7336111844).jpg | image_caption = Assembly of the parabolic mirrors | country = United States | location = Maricopa County | coordinates = {{coord|32|55|N|112|58|W|region:US-AZ_type:landmark_dim:100km|display=inline,title}} | construction_began = December 2010 | cost = US$2 billion | owner = Atlantica Yield[1] Liberty Interactive Corporation | operator = Arizona Solar One LLC | status = o | solar_type = csp | solar_csp_technology = P | solar_concentration = | solar_collectors = 3,232 | solar_collectors_area = {{convert|2233958|sqm|acre}} | ps_site_area = {{convert|1920|acres|ha}} | solar_site_resource = | ps_units_operational = 2 | ps_units_manu_model = Siemens[2] | ps_electrical_capacity = 250 | ps_storage_capacity = 1,500 MW·he | ps_electrical_cap_fac = 35.4% (2018) | ps_annual_generation = 776 GW·h (2018) | commissioned = 2013 | decommissioned = }} The Solana Generating Station is a solar power plant near Gila Bend, Arizona, about {{convert|70|mi}} southwest of Phoenix, completed in 2013. When commissioned it was the largest parabolic trough plant in the world and the first U.S. solar plant with molten salt thermal energy storage.[3] Built by the Spanish company Abengoa Solar, it has a total capacity of 280 megawatts (MW) gross, from two 140 MW gross (125 MW net) steam turbine generators, which is enough to power 70,000 homes while avoiding around 475,000 tons of CO2 every year.[4] Its name is the Spanish term for "sunny spot".[5] TechnologyThe plant employs a proprietary concentrating solar power (CSP) trough technology developed by Abengoa, and covers an area of {{convert|1920|acres}}. Construction was expected to create about 1,500 construction jobs with the plant employing 85 full-time workers.[6][7] Solar thermal plants use substantially more water for cooling than other solar generating technologies. Nevertheless, the Sierra Club supports the Solana plant, because it will be built on private land, and use "75 to 85 percent less water than the current agricultural use."[8] EconomicsArizona Public Service (APS) has contracted to purchase 100% of the power output generated from Solana, to meet the Arizona Corporation Commission's (ACC) mandate that the state's regulated utilities provide 15% of their electricity from renewable energy sources by 2025. APS will pay about 14 cents per kWh.[9]The Solana plant was originally planned to open in 2011 and was estimated to cost $2 billion.[10] In December 2010, Abengoa received a $1.45 billion loan guarantee to support construction of the plant.[11] Energy storageOne of the principal advantages of concentrated solar thermal (CST) is that thermal energy storage can be provided efficiently,[12] so that output can be provided after the sun goes down, and output can be scheduled to meet demand requirements.[13] The Solana Generating Station is designed to provide six hours of energy storage. This allows the plant to generate about 38 percent of its rated capacity over the course of a year.[14] ProductionSolana Generating Station's production is as follows.[15]
Projected full production is 944,000 MW·h (944 GW·h).[16] At the end of the second full year of operation, the Solana Generating Station is still operating 25 percent below the projected full production value.[15] Operations issuesIn the summer of 2017, the plant had two transformer fires. The Phoenix New Times described the state of the Solana plant as "problems keep appearing like black clouds to dampen its performance."[17] The plant also went through some other challenging issues. For example, Maricopa County environmental officials are looking into whether the plant violated air pollution standards. In 2016, Maricopa County fined the plant $1.5 million for violations of air quality standards. According to the Phoenix New Times, "The plant’s parent company, a subsidiary of Abengoa called Atlantica Yield, downplayed the issues, and a company representative said that better times are likely ahead."[17] The plant opened in 2014 and has suffered a number of problems since its opening. According to government documents, the plant should be producing more than 900,000 MWh every year. This amount of electricity could power about 65,000 typical homes in Arizona. However, the plant produced only 600,000 MWh in its first full year of operation, according to information from the Federal Energy Information Administration. In 2015, the output increased to 700,000 MWh. In the summer of 2016, a microburst "knocked out the plant that July."[17] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Arizona|Sustainable development|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^{{cite web| title = Our Assets| url = http://www.abengoayield.com/web/en/company-overview/our-assets/| work = Atlantica Yield (was Abengoa Yield)| date = 2 November 2015| accessdate = 2 November 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web| title = Solana Project Description| url = http://www.atlanticayield.com/web/en/company-overview/our-assets/asset/Solana-00001/| work= Atlantica Yield (was Abengoa Yield)| date = | accessdate = 7 March 2016}} 3. ^Mearian, Lucas. U.S. flips switch on massive solar power array that also stores electricity: The array is first large U.S. solar plant with a thermal energy storage system, October 10, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013. 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.abengoasolar.com/web/en/plantas_solares/plantas_para_terceros/estados_unidos/index.html#seccion_1 | title=Solana, the largest parabolic trough plant in the world | accessdate=2015-11-02 | publisher=Abengoa}} 5. ^"Solana" in wordreference.com 6. ^Abengoa to Build 280MW Concentrating Solar Power Plant in Arizona {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019110424/http://www.cleanedge.com/resources/news/Abengoa%20to%20Build%20280MW%20Concentrating%20Solar%20Power%20Plant%20in%20Arizona |date=2013-10-19 }}, CleanEdge.com website, February 21, 2008. 7. ^Lavelle, Marianne. [https://www.usnews.com/articles/business/technology/2008/02/21/big-solar-project-planned-for-arizona-desert.html Big Solar Project Planned for Arizona Desert: $1 billion installation would use parabolic mirrors to generate power southwest of Phoenix] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828031437/http://www.usnews.com/articles/business/technology/2008/02/21/big-solar-project-planned-for-arizona-desert.html |date=2009-08-28 }}, U.S. News & World Report, February 21, 2008. 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://wrrc.arizona.edu/publications/awr/arizona-water-resource-september-october-2008 |title=Clean, Green Solar Power Falls Short in Achieving Water Efficiency |last=Gelt | first= Joe | date=2008 |type=Arizona Water Resource, vol. 17, no. 1, 16pp., Water Resources Research Center, Tucson, AZ, Autumn 2008 |work=Arizona Water Resource |publisher= University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences |accessdate=2008-12-04}} 9. ^{{cite news | url= http://archive.azcentral.com/business/articles/0221biz-solar0221.html | title= Plant to brighten state's solar future | last= Randazzo | first= Ryan | date= February 21, 2008 | work= The Arizona Republic | accessdate= 2009-06-08 }} 10. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2010/07/03/20100703biz-abengoa0704-ONL.html | title = Arizona solar plant gets big boost from feds | last = Randazzo | first= Ryan | date= July 3, 2010 | work= The Arizona Republic | accessdate = 2010-07-03 }} 11. ^{{cite web | url = http://blogs.reuters.com/environment/2010/12/21/abengoa-closes-1-45-billion-federal-loan-guarantee-for-arizona-solar-farm/ | title = Abengoa closes $1.45 billion federal loan guarantee for Arizona solar farm |author= | date = Dec 21, 2010 | work = Reuters }} 12. ^Wright, matthew; Hearps, Patrick; et al. Australian Sustainable Energy: Zero Carbon Australia Stationary Energy Plan, Energy Research Institute, University of Melbourne, October 2010, p. 33. Retrieved from BeyondZeroEmissions.org website. 13. ^Innovation in Concentrating Thermal Solar Power (CSP), RenewableEnergyFocus.com website. 14. ^Solana: 10 Facts You Didn't Know About the Concentrated Solar Power Plant Near Gila Bend 15. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://eia.gov/electricity/data/browser/#/plant/56812 |title=Solana Generating Station, Monthly |work=Electricity Data Browser |publisher=Energy Information Administration |accessdate=March 2, 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=23 | title= Solana Generating Station | date= February 23, 2013 | work= Concentrating Solar Power Projects | publisher= National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) | accessdate= 2013-07-22 }} 17. ^1 2 {{Cite news|url=http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/arizonas-solana-solar-plant-transformer-fires-more-air-pollution-9640548|title=Dark Clouds — Transformer Fires and Air Pollution — Continue to Follow Solana Power Plant|last=Stern|first=Ray|date=2017-08-30|work=Phoenix New Times|access-date=2017-09-07}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Solana Generating Station}}
|url = http://www.abengoasolar.com/web/en/nuestras_plantas/plantas_en_construccion/estados_unidos/#seccion_1 |title = Solana Generating Station Project |publisher = Abengoa Solar Inc. |accessdate = 2008-12-04 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130619041035/http://www.abengoasolar.com/web/en/nuestras_plantas/plantas_en_construccion/estados_unidos/#seccion_1 |archivedate = 2013-06-19 |df = }}
| url = http://www.aps.com/solana | title = APS :: Solana - Arizona's Largest Solar Power Plant | date = |year= |month= |format= |work= |publisher= Arizona Public Service (APS) | accessdate = 2008-12-04 }}
3 : Solar power stations in Arizona|Buildings and structures in Maricopa County, Arizona|Solar power stations in the United States |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。