| 词条 | Solanum rostratum |
| 释义 |
|name = Solanum rostratum |image=Solanum rostratum flora fruit.jpg |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Solanales |familia = Solanaceae |genus = Solanum |subgenus = Leptostemonum |sectio = Crinitum |species = S. rostratum |binomial = Solanum rostratum |binomial_authority = Dunal |synonyms = Solanum cornutum auct.[1] }} Solanum rostratum is a species of nightshade (genus Solanum) that is native to the United States and northern and central Mexico.[1] Common names include buffalobur nightshade,[2] buffalo-bur,[3] spiny nightshade, Colorado bur, Kansas thistle, Mexican thistle, and Texas thistle. It is an annual, self-compatible herb that forms a tumbleweed.[4] Individual plants reach {{convert|1|-|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, have once or twice pinnatified leaves(see image of leaf), and abundant spines on the stems and leaves. It produces yellow flowers with pentagonal corollas {{convert|2|-|3.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter and weakly bilaterally symmetric (see flower-closeup image).[5] In its native range S. rostratum is pollinated by medium- to large-sized bees including bumblebees.[6] Solanum rostratum flowers exhibit heteranthery, i.e. they bear two sets of anthers of unequal size, possibly distinct colouration, and divergence in ecological function between pollination and feeding.[7] The fruit, a berry, is enclosed by a prickly calyx. The seeds are released when the berries dry and dehisce (split apart) while still attached to the plant. {{Gallery| Image:Solanum rostratum (Buffalo bur).jpg| Solanum rostratum plant | Image:Buffalo berry Solanum rostratum flower close.jpg| S. rostratum flower | Image:Solanum rostratum RH (1).jpg| S. rostratum leaf | Image:Solanum rostratum Samen.jpg| S. rostratum seeds | }} This species represents one of the latter scientific interests of famed biologist Charles Darwin, who just over a week prior to his death had ordered seeds from a colleague in America, so as to investigate their heteranthery, a topic he was interested in.[8] Solanum rostratum is the ancestral host plant of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, but this pest adopted the potato, Solanum tuberosum as a new (and more succulent) host, a fact first reported in eastern Nebraska in 1859. It then expanded its range rapidly eastward on potato crops in the next two decades.[9]References1. ^1 {{GRIN | accessdate=7 June 2010}} 2. ^{{PLANTS|id=SORO|taxon=Solanum rostratum|accessdate=17 November 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Some Weeds of Iowa|author=Louis Hermann Pammel|publisher=Experiment Station, Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts|year=1903|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=croUAAAAYAAJ}} page 477 5. ^{{cite journal |first=M.D. |last=Whalen |title=Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras |journal=Gentes Herbarum |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=359–426 |year=1979 }} 6. ^{{cite journal |first=K.A.W. |last=Bowers |title=The pollination ecology of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=62 |issue= |pages=633–8 |year=1975 |jstor=2441943 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1975.tb14094.x }} 7. ^{{cite journal |last=Vallejo-Marin |first=M. |last2=Manson |first2=J.S. |last3=Thomson |first3=J.D. |last4=Barrett |first4=S.C.H. |title=Division of labour within flowers: Heteranthery, a floral strategy to reconcile contrasting pollen fates |journal=Journal of Evolutionary Biology |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=828–839 |year=2009 |doi=10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01693.x |pmid=19320798 }} 8. ^{{cite book |first=S.L. |last=Buchmann |chapter=Buzz pollination in angiosperms |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=C.E. |editor2-last=Little |editor2-first=R.J. |title=Handbook of experimental pollination biology |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold |location= |year=1983 |isbn=0442246765 |pages=73–113 }} 9. ^Riley CV. 1876. Potato Pests. New York, Orange Judd Co., 108pp. External links{{Commonscat-inline|Solanum rostratum|Solanum rostratum}}{{Wikispecies-inline}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1788430}}{{Solanales-stub}} 5 : Solanum|Plants described in 1813|Flora of the United States|Flora of Mexico|Tumbleweeds |
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