| 词条 | Mesomycetozoea |
| 释义 |
| image = Sphaeroforma arctica.jpg | image_alt = "Sphaeroforma arctica" | image_caption = Sphaeroforma arctica | status = | status_system = | status_ref = | taxon = Mesomycetozoea | authority = Mendoza et al. 2002 | display_parents = 5 | synonyms = Ichthyosporea Cavalier-Smith 1998 | synonyms_ref = [1] | subdivision_ranks = Orders | subdivision =
}} The Mesomycetozoea (or DRIP clade, or Ichthyosporea) are a small group of Opisthokonta in Eukaryote (formerly protists), mostly parasites of fish and other animals. SignificanceThey are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sister-group of the clade Filozoa, which includes the animals.[2] Huldtgren et al., following x-ray tomography of microfossils of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, has interpreted them as mesomycetozoan spore capsules.[3] TerminologyThe name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group,[4] Cavalier-Smith later treated them as the class Ichthyosporea, since they were all parasites of fish.
Since other new members have been added (e.g. the former fungal orders Eccrinales and Amoebidiales), Mendoza et al. suggested changing the name to Mesomycetozoea, which refers to their evolutionary position. On Eukaryota tree, in Opisthokont clade, Mesomycetozoea is in the middle ("Meso-") of the fungi ("-myceto-") and the animals ("-zoea").[5] Note the name Mesomycetozoa (without a second e) is also used to refer to this group, but Mendoza et al. use it as an alternate name for basal Opisthokonts.[6] Taxonomy
References1. ^Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi. In: Coombs GH, Vickerman K, Sleigh MA, Warren A (ed.) Evolutionary relationships among protozoa. Kluwer, London, pp. 375-407, 2. ^{{Cite journal | author = Shalchian-Tabrizi K., Minge M.A., Espelund M.| title = Multigene Phylogeny of Choanozoa and the Origin of Animals | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = e2098 | date = 7 May 2008 | pmid = 18461162 | pmc = 2346548 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0002098 | postscript = | editor1-last = Aramayo | editor1-first = Rodolfo |display-authors=etal| bibcode = 2008PLoSO...3.2098S }} 3. ^Douglas Fox, "How life got complicated", Discover Magazine, December 2012. 4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Ragan MA, Goggin CL, Cawthorn RJ, etal |title=A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue=21 |pages=11907–12 |date=October 1996 |pmid=8876236 |pmc=38157 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11907|url=|bibcode=1996PNAS...9311907R }} 5. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Herr RA, Ajello L, Taylor JW, Arseculeratne SN, Mendoza L |title=Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhinosporidium seeberi's 18S Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA Groups This Pathogen among Members of the Protoctistan Mesomycetozoa Clade |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=2750–4 |date=September 1999 |pmid=10449446 |pmc=85368 |doi= |url=http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10449446}} 6. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Mendoza L, Taylor JW, Ajello L |title=The class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary |journal=Annu. Rev. Microbiol. |volume=56 |issue= |pages=315–44 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12142489 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950 }} 7. ^{{cite journal |author=Cavalier-Smith |title=Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa |journal=European Journal of Protistology |volume=49 |issue= 2|pages=115–178 |date=May 2012 |doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001 |pmid=23085100}} 8. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Cannon PF, Kirk PM, David JC, Triebel D |date = November 2004 |title = An online database of names and descriptions as an alternative to registration |journal = Mycological Research |volume = 108| pages = 1236–1238|doi = 10.1017/S0953756204221554| issue = 11|url = http://edepot.wur.nl/21791 }}
4 : Mesomycetozoea|Parasites of fish|Parasitic opisthokonts|Opisthokont classes |
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