“Messier 106”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

M106 has a water vapor megamaser (the equivalent of a laser operating in microwave instead of visible light and on a galactic scale) that is seen by the 22-GHz line of ortho-H₂O that evidences dense and warm molecular gas. These water vapors give M106 its characteristic purple color.^[4] Water masers are useful to observe nuclear accretion disks in active galaxies. The water masers in M106 enabled the first case of a direct measurement of the distance to a galaxy, thereby providing an independent anchor for the cosmic distance ladder.^[5]^[6] M106 has a slightly warped, thin, almost edge-on Keplerian disc which is on a subparsec scale. It surrounds a central area with mass 4 × 10⁷M_⊙.^[20]

It is one of the largest and brightest nearby galaxies, similar in size and luminosity to the Andromeda Galaxy.^[7] The supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of {{Val|3.9e7|0.1|ul=solar mass}}.^[8]

M106 has also played an important role in calibrating the cosmic distance ladder. Before, Cepheid variables from other galaxies could not be used to measure distances since they cover ranges of metallicities different from the Milky Way's. M106 contains Cepheid variables similar to both the metallicities of the Milky Way and other galaxies' Cepheids. By measuring the distance of the Cepheids with metallicities similar to our galaxy, astronomers are able to recalibrate the other Cepheids with different metallicities, a key fundamental step in improving quantification of distances to other galaxies in the universe.^[5]

See also

References

1. ^http://freestarcharts.com/index.php/20-guides/messier/262-messier-106-m106-spiral-galaxy freestarcharts
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Miyoshi|first1=Makoto|display-authors=etal|title=Evidence for a black hole from high rotation velocities in a sub-parsec region of NGC4258|journal=Nature|date=12 January 1995|volume=373|issue=6510|pages=127–129|doi=10.1038/373127a0|bibcode=1995Natur.373..127M}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=KAIT Prediscovery Detection of PS1-14xz in NGC 4258 (Messier 106)|url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=6159|website=The Astronomer's Telegram|accessdate=17 August 2015}}
4. ^Color analysis of M106: http://www.bt-images.net/incredible-universe/
5. ^{{cite journal|author=JR Herrnstein|display-authors=etal|title=A geometric distance to the galaxy NGC 4258 from orbital motions in a nuclear gas disk|journal=Nature|date=1999|volume=400|issue=6744|pages=539–541|doi=10.1038/22972|arxiv = astro-ph/9907013 |bibcode = 1999Natur.400..539H }}
6. ^{{cite book|author=Richard de Grijs|title=An Introduction to Distance Measurement in Astronomy|page=109|date=2011|location=Chichester|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-51180-0}}
7. ^{{cite journal | author=Karachentsev, Igor D. | author2=Karachentseva, Valentina E. | author3=Huchtmeier, Walter K. | author4=Makarov, Dmitry I. | title=A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies | journal=The Astronomical Journal | date=2003 | volume=127 | issue=4 | pages=2031–2068 | bibcode=2004AJ....127.2031K | doi=10.1086/382905}}
8. ^{{citation | title=Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values | last1=Graham | first1=Alister W. | postscript=. | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia | volume=25 | issue=4 | pages=167–175 | date=November 2008 | doi=10.1071/AS08013 | bibcode=2008PASA...25..167G |arxiv = 0807.2549 }}
9. ^¹{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | first1=J. L. | last1=Tonry | first2=A. | last2=Dressler | first3=J. P. | last3=Blakeslee | first4=E. A. | last4=Ajhar | first5=A. B. | last5=Fletcher | first6=G. A. | last6=Luppino | first7=M. R. | last7=Metzger | first8=C. B. | last8=Moore | date=2001 | title=The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances | journal=Astrophysical Journal | volume=546 | issue=2 | pages=681–693 | bibcode=2001ApJ...546..681T | doi=10.1086/318301 | arxiv=astro-ph/0011223 }}
10. ^¹²{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Macri | first1=L. M. | last2=Stanek | first2=K. Z. | last3=Bersier | first3=D. | last4=Greenhill | first4=L. J. | last5=Reid | first5=M. J. | date=2006 | title=A New Cepheid Distance to the Maser-Host Galaxy NGC 4258 and Its Implications for the Hubble Constant | journal=Astrophysical Journal | volume=652 | issue=2 | pages=1133–1149 | bibcode=2006ApJ...652.1133M | doi=10.1086/508530 | arxiv=astro-ph/0608211 }}
11. ^¹{{cite journal | last1=Bonanos | first1=Alceste Z. | date=2006 | title=Eclipsing Binaries: Tools for Calibrating the Extragalactic Distance Scale | journal=Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union | volume=2 | issue=S240 | pages=79 | arxiv=astro-ph/0610923 | doi=10.1017/S1743921307003845 | bibcode=2007IAUS..240...79B }}
12. ^¹{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Humphreys | first1=E. M. L. | last2=Greenhill | first2=L. J. | last3=Reid | first3=M. J. | last4=Argon | first4=A. L. | last5=Moran | first5=J. M. | date=2004 | title=Improved Maser Distance to NGC 4258 | journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society | volume=36 | pages=1468 | bibcode=2004AAS...205.7301H }}
13. ^¹{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Henkel | first1=C. | last2=Peck | first2=A. B. | last3=Tarchi | first3=A. | last4=Nagar | first4=N. M. | last5=Braatz | first5=J. A. | last6=Castangia | first6=P. | last7=Moscadelli | first7=L. | date=2005 | title=New H₂O masers in Seyfert and FIR bright galaxies | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=436 | issue=1 | pages=75–90 | bibcode=2005A&A...436...75H | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042175 | arxiv=astro-ph/0503070 }}
14. ^¹²{{cite simbad | title=M 106 | accessdate=7 December 2006 }}

词条	Messier 106
释义	Characteristics See also References External links {{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2017}}{{Infobox Galaxy \| name=Messier 106 \| image=File:Messier 106 visible and infrared composite.jpg \| caption= M106 and its anomalous arms, Composite of IR (red) and optical light (Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), and R. Gendler (for the Hubble Heritage Team) \| epoch=J2000 \| type=SAB(s)bc \| ra={{RA\|12\|18\|57.5}} \| dec={{DEC\|+47\|18\|14}} \| dist_ly={{Convert\|23.7\|+/-\|1.5\|Mly\|Mpc\|abbr=on\|lk=on\|sigfig=1}}^[4]^[5] \| z=448 ± 3 km/s \| appmag_v=8.4 \| size_v=18′.6 × 7′.2 \| constellation name=Canes Venatici \| notes=Maser galaxy,^[9] Seyfert II galaxy.^[10] \| names=M 106, NGC 4258, UGC 7353, PGC 39600.^[12] \|size = 135,000 ly (in diameter)^[1]}}Messier 106 (also known as NGC 4258) is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. M106 is at a distance of about 22 to 25 million light-years away from Earth. M106 contains an active nucleus classified as a Type 2 Seyfert, and the presence of a central supermassive black hole has been demonstrated from radio-wavelength observations of the rotation of a disk of molecular gas orbiting within the inner light-year around the black hole.^[2] NGC 4217 is a possible companion galaxy of Messier 106.^[12] A Type II supernova was observed in M106 in May 2014.^[3] Characteristics M106 has a water vapor megamaser (the equivalent of a laser operating in microwave instead of visible light and on a galactic scale) that is seen by the 22-GHz line of ortho-H₂O that evidences dense and warm molecular gas. These water vapors give M106 its characteristic purple color.^[4] Water masers are useful to observe nuclear accretion disks in active galaxies. The water masers in M106 enabled the first case of a direct measurement of the distance to a galaxy, thereby providing an independent anchor for the cosmic distance ladder.^[5]^[6] M106 has a slightly warped, thin, almost edge-on Keplerian disc which is on a subparsec scale. It surrounds a central area with mass 4 × 10⁷M_⊙.^[20] It is one of the largest and brightest nearby galaxies, similar in size and luminosity to the Andromeda Galaxy.^[7] The supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of {{Val\|3.9e7\|0.1\|ul=solar mass}}.^[8] M106 has also played an important role in calibrating the cosmic distance ladder. Before, Cepheid variables from other galaxies could not be used to measure distances since they cover ranges of metallicities different from the Milky Way's. M106 contains Cepheid variables similar to both the metallicities of the Milky Way and other galaxies' Cepheids. By measuring the distance of the Cepheids with metallicities similar to our galaxy, astronomers are able to recalibrate the other Cepheids with different metallicities, a key fundamental step in improving quantification of distances to other galaxies in the universe.^[5] See also Canes II Group References 1. ^http://freestarcharts.com/index.php/20-guides/messier/262-messier-106-m106-spiral-galaxy freestarcharts 2. ^{{cite journal\|last1=Miyoshi\|first1=Makoto\|display-authors=etal\|title=Evidence for a black hole from high rotation velocities in a sub-parsec region of NGC4258\|journal=Nature\|date=12 January 1995\|volume=373\|issue=6510\|pages=127–129\|doi=10.1038/373127a0\|bibcode=1995Natur.373..127M}} 3. ^{{cite web\|title=KAIT Prediscovery Detection of PS1-14xz in NGC 4258 (Messier 106)\|url=http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=6159\|website=The Astronomer's Telegram\|accessdate=17 August 2015}} 4. ^Color analysis of M106: http://www.bt-images.net/incredible-universe/ 5. ^{{cite journal\|author=JR Herrnstein\|display-authors=etal\|title=A geometric distance to the galaxy NGC 4258 from orbital motions in a nuclear gas disk\|journal=Nature\|date=1999\|volume=400\|issue=6744\|pages=539–541\|doi=10.1038/22972\|arxiv = astro-ph/9907013 \|bibcode = 1999Natur.400..539H }} 6. ^{{cite book\|author=Richard de Grijs\|title=An Introduction to Distance Measurement in Astronomy\|page=109\|date=2011\|location=Chichester\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons\|isbn=978-0-470-51180-0}} 7. ^{{cite journal \| author=Karachentsev, Igor D. \| author2=Karachentseva, Valentina E. \| author3=Huchtmeier, Walter K. \| author4=Makarov, Dmitry I. \| title=A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies \| journal=The Astronomical Journal \| date=2003 \| volume=127 \| issue=4 \| pages=2031–2068 \| bibcode=2004AJ....127.2031K \| doi=10.1086/382905}} 8. ^{{citation \| title=Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values \| last1=Graham \| first1=Alister W. \| postscript=. \| journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia \| volume=25 \| issue=4 \| pages=167–175 \| date=November 2008 \| doi=10.1071/AS08013 \| bibcode=2008PASA...25..167G \|arxiv = 0807.2549 }} 9. ^¹{{cite journal \| display-authors=1 \| first1=J. L. \| last1=Tonry \| first2=A. \| last2=Dressler \| first3=J. P. \| last3=Blakeslee \| first4=E. A. \| last4=Ajhar \| first5=A. B. \| last5=Fletcher \| first6=G. A. \| last6=Luppino \| first7=M. R. \| last7=Metzger \| first8=C. B. \| last8=Moore \| date=2001 \| title=The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances \| journal=Astrophysical Journal \| volume=546 \| issue=2 \| pages=681–693 \| bibcode=2001ApJ...546..681T \| doi=10.1086/318301 \| arxiv=astro-ph/0011223 }} 10. ^¹²{{cite journal \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Macri \| first1=L. M. \| last2=Stanek \| first2=K. Z. \| last3=Bersier \| first3=D. \| last4=Greenhill \| first4=L. J. \| last5=Reid \| first5=M. J. \| date=2006 \| title=A New Cepheid Distance to the Maser-Host Galaxy NGC 4258 and Its Implications for the Hubble Constant \| journal=Astrophysical Journal \| volume=652 \| issue=2 \| pages=1133–1149 \| bibcode=2006ApJ...652.1133M \| doi=10.1086/508530 \| arxiv=astro-ph/0608211 }} 11. ^¹{{cite journal \| last1=Bonanos \| first1=Alceste Z. \| date=2006 \| title=Eclipsing Binaries: Tools for Calibrating the Extragalactic Distance Scale \| journal=Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union \| volume=2 \| issue=S240 \| pages=79 \| arxiv=astro-ph/0610923 \| doi=10.1017/S1743921307003845 \| bibcode=2007IAUS..240...79B }} 12. ^¹{{cite journal \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Humphreys \| first1=E. M. L. \| last2=Greenhill \| first2=L. J. \| last3=Reid \| first3=M. J. \| last4=Argon \| first4=A. L. \| last5=Moran \| first5=J. M. \| date=2004 \| title=Improved Maser Distance to NGC 4258 \| journal=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society \| volume=36 \| pages=1468 \| bibcode=2004AAS...205.7301H }} 13. ^¹{{cite journal \| display-authors=1 \| last1=Henkel \| first1=C. \| last2=Peck \| first2=A. B. \| last3=Tarchi \| first3=A. \| last4=Nagar \| first4=N. M. \| last5=Braatz \| first5=J. A. \| last6=Castangia \| first6=P. \| last7=Moscadelli \| first7=L. \| date=2005 \| title=New H₂O masers in Seyfert and FIR bright galaxies \| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \| volume=436 \| issue=1 \| pages=75–90 \| bibcode=2005A&A...436...75H \| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042175 \| arxiv=astro-ph/0503070 }} 14. ^¹²{{cite simbad \| title=M 106 \| accessdate=7 December 2006 }} ^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] }} External links {{commons category}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722021448/http://blackholes.stardate.org/directory/factsheet.php?p=M106 StarDate: M106 Fact Sheet] Spiral Galaxy M106 at SEDS Messier pages {{WikiSky}} NGC 4258: Mysterious Arms Revealed Spiral Galaxy Messier 106 (NGC 4258) at the astro-photography site of Takayuki Yoshida {{Cite APOD \| title=Messier 106 \| date=19 March 2011 \| access-date=}} {{Cite APOD \| title=Messier 106 \| date=3 May 2012 \| access-date=}} Messier 106 at Constellation Guide {{Sky\|12\|18\|57.5\|+\|47\|18\|14\|23700000}}{{Messier objects}}{{List of Seyfert galaxies}} 10 : Intermediate spiral galaxies\|Seyfert galaxies\|Canes II Group\|Canes Venatici\|Messier objects\|NGC objects\|UGC objects\|Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects\|Astronomical objects discovered in 1781\|Discoveries by Pierre Méchain
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Characteristics

See also

References

External links