1. Manufacturers
    Cockerill  Beyer, Peacock  Hunslet-Taylor 

2. Cabside number plates

3. Service

4. Class NG G16A

5. Preservation
    Welsh Highland Railway  Sandstone Estates  Puffing Billy Railway  Distribution 

6. Works numbers

7. Illustration

8. References

The South African Railways Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} {{nowrap|2-6-2+2-6-2}} of 1937 is a narrow gauge steam locomotive.

Between 1937 and 1968, the South African Railways placed 34 Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} Garratt articulated steam locomotives with a {{nowrap|2-6-2+2-6-2}} Double Prairie type wheel arrangement in service on the Avontuur Railway and on the Natal narrow gauge lines.^[1][2]

Manufacturers

The success of the Class NG G13 narrow gauge Garratts that were introduced by the South African Railways (SAR) in 1927 led to a decision that any additional narrow gauge articulated locomotives would be of the same design. Altogether 34 more {{nowrap|2-6-2+2-6-2}} Double Prairie type narrow gauge locomotives were built, spread over five orders from three manufacturers over a span of 32 years.^[2][3][4][5]

Cockerill

In 1937, Société Anonyme John Cockerill of Seraing in Belgium delivered four new {{nowrap|2-6-2+2-6-2}} locomotives, numbered in the range from NG85 to NG88, which were so similar to the older locomotives that they were initially designated Class NG G13 as well. However, in view of the fact that all the carrying wheels were fitted with roller bearing axle boxes and arranged as swiveling pony trucks, compared to the Class NG G13 of which the inner carrying wheels were built to the Gölsdorf system which allowed the axle some lateral movement, it was soon decided to reclassify them to Class {{nowrap|NG G16}}.^[2][4]

These pre-war locomotives, like the earlier Class NG G13 locomotives, were built with riveted coal and water bunkers and with elliptical tops on the water tanks.^[1]

Beyer, Peacock

The second order of eight locomotives was delivered from Beyer, Peacock and Company in 1939. They were numbered in the range from NG109 to NG116.^[1][2][3]

The third order was for a further seven locomotives in 1951, numbered in the range from NG125 to NG131, once again from Beyer, Peacock. They still had elliptical tops on the water tanks, but these and the subsequent locomotives had welded water and coal bunkers.^[1][2][3]

The fourth batch of seven locomotives, numbered in the range from NG137 to NG143, were the last steam locomotives to be built by Beyer, Peacock and were built to the specifications of the Tsumeb Copper Corporation in South West Africa (SWA). They were mechanically similar to the earlier and subsequent Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives, but with a revised coal and water carrying arrangement. These locomotives had an enlarged front water tank capacity, but carried no water in their rear bunkers which consequently had a larger coal capacity. They had flat-topped water tanks with rounded top side edges. It was planned to use them as tank-and-tender Garratts, semi-permanently attached to a water tender for use across the Namib desert in SWA, as was the practice with the Cape gauge Classes GM, GMA and GO tank-and-tender Garratts in South Africa.^[2][3][6]

However, while the locomotives were being built, the decision was made to convert all the SWA narrow gauge lines to Cape gauge. In terms of a prior agreement between the SAR and the Tsumeb Copper Corporation, the SAR would purchase any narrow gauge locomotives that would become redundant should the re-gauging of the SWA system take place. The new locomotives were therefore delivered directly to the SAR in 1958.^[2]

On the Avontuur Railway, these locomotives were used as tank-and-tender Garratts, but when the Langkloof members of the class were transferred to Natal in 1964, the water tenders were dispensed with since watering points were much closer together in Natal as a consequence of the early use of tank engines on those narrow-gauge branches.^[2][6]

Hunslet-Taylor

The final order for eight locomotives in 1967, numbered in the range from NG149 to NG156, turned out to be the last new steam locomotives to be ordered by the SAR. Beyer-Peacock had stopped building steam locomotives after the last batch of Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} in 1958 and by 1968 they were in the process of closing the business altogether. Since no other overseas manufacturers were available to supply them, they were built by Hunslet-Taylor in Germiston using boilers supplied by their overseas principals, the Hunslet Engine Company in England. Built in 1967 and 1968, these locomotives had the same enlarged capacity front water tanks as those of the Tsumeb group, but their rear bunkers were identical to those of the 1951 batch of locomotives and carried both coal and water.^[2][4]

Cabside number plates

After the Official Languages of the Union Act No 8 of 1925 was passed on 8 May 1925, bilingual English and Afrikaans cabside number plates began to appear on SAR locomotives, initially inscribed "SOUTH AFRICAN RAILWAYS" at the top and "SUID AFRIKANSE SPOORWEË" at the bottom. The Afrikaans spelling conventions were changed from time to time in the early years. On postage stamps, for example, it was "Zuid Afrika" from 1913, "Suidafrika" from the airmail stamps of 1925 and hyphenated "Suid-Afrika" from 1933. On cabside number plates, the spelling of the Afrikaans inscription was later altered with "AFRIKANSE" changed to "AFRIKAANSE" and with "SUID AFRIKAANSE SPOORWEË" unhyphenated, and stil later to "SUID-AFRIKAANSE SPOORWEË" hyphenated.^[7]

The Cockerill-built locomotives were delivered with bilingual cabside number plates inscribed "NG/G13" and with the older style Afrikaans "SUID AFRIKANSE SPOORWEË" at the bottom. When they were designated Class NG G16, the "NG/G13" was altered to "NG/G16" by milling out the 3 and riveting on a 6, as shown.^[2]

Service

The Cockerill locomotives, numbers NG85 to NG88, remained in Natal for most of their service lives.^[1][2]

The Beyer, Peacock locomotives ordered by the SAR, numbers NG109 to NG116 and NG125 to NG131, were shared more or less equally between the Natal and Langkloof lines.^[1][2]

The seven Beyer, Peacock locomotives ordered by the Tsumeb Copper Corporation, numbers NG137 to NG143, were initially distributed between the Umzinto, Port Shepstone and Avontuur lines, but in 1964 the three that went to the Langkloof were also transferred to Natal.^[1][2][6]

The Hunslet-Taylor locomotives, numbers NG149 to NG156, were placed in service on the Harding and Donnybrook branches in Natal in 1968.^[1][2]

When the lower section of the Avontuur line was dieselised upon the arrival of the Class 91-000 diesel-electric locomotives in 1973, all the Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives still in service were transferred to various branches in Natal, where they remained until they were withdrawn from service.^[2]

Class NG G16A

When the four Natal narrow gauge systems were closed down by the SAR, the Weenen and Mid-Illovo lines were lifted, but the Harding line was privatised as the Alfred County Railway (ACR), operating out of Port Shepstone.^[1]

As part of their strategy to keep the railway competitive, two of the ACR's Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives were rebuilt using technology similar to that used in the Cape gauge Class 26 Red Devil. The rebuilding incorporated a gas producing combustion system (GPCS), Lempor exhausts, an improved spark arrester, lightweight multi-ring articulated piston valves, improved valve events and improved mechanical lubrication. The two locomotives which received this treatment, no. NG141 in 1989 and no. NG155 in 1990, were reclassified to Class NG G16A.^[37][38]

In comparative testing, no. NG141 achieved a fuel saving of 25% compared to a standard Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} Garratt, a performance which was easily maintained in regular service. The cost of the work paid off financially within twelve months and led to a proposal to develop a Class NG G17, but that never materialised since the line's farming produce traffic was gradually lost to road transport on the improving road network.^[8][38][9]

Preservation

Since withdrawal from SAR service, some locomotives were sold to foreign railways and into private hands and restored to operational condition, while others ended up in various degrees of preservation ranging across the spectrum from running order to staging to total abandonment. In 2017, at least four establishments still operated or were restoring ex-SAR Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} Garratts.^[9] Several however, have now been cut up for scrap (see table below).

Welsh Highland Railway

The Welsh Highland Railway in the United Kingdom owns four Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives. One, no. NG140, is used as a source of rotable spare parts while three locomotives, Cockerill-built no. NG87 and Beyer, Peacock-built numbers NG138 and NG143, are kept in excellent condition by this establishment which exhibits great pride in its heritage.^[9] In addition, one other Class {{nowrap|NG G16}}, number NG130, is based on the line but not owned by the railway. NG130 is undergoing a fast track restoration sponsored by its private owner with a ten-year operating agreement with the WHR in place from 2019.

Sandstone Estates

The Sandstone Estates near Ficksburg in the Free State is home to a large number of Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives, either as the owners or as the custodian for locomotives belonging to individuals or other establishments. Three of their Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives are kept in pristine condition and are regularly run during the Estate's annual events like the Cosmos Festival, Cherry Festival, Stars of Sandstone and others. These are Cockerill-built no. NG88, Beyer, Peacock-built no. NG113 and Hunslet-Taylor-built no. NG153.^[9]

Puffing Billy Railway

The Puffing Billy Railway, located in the Dandenong Ranges east of Melbourne, Australia, began restoring Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} no. NG129 and regauging it to {{track gauge|30in}} as a backup for their Victorian Railways G class Garratt no. G42 at a time of increasing passenger loadings. Completion of no. NG129's restoration was planned to coincide with the next time that no. G42 was to be withdrawn for major maintenance. Faced with the need to manufacture a number of missing parts for no. NG129, the Puffing Billy also purchased no. NG127 from a private owner in South Africa. This gave them a second almost-complete Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} which will possibly also be totally rebuilt in the future.^[10]

Distribution

The last known fate of all the Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotives, as of December 1st 2018, are shown in Table I.^[9]

Works numbers

Their engine numbers, builders, years built and works numbers are listed in Table II.^[3][4]

Illustration

The builder’s pictures serve to illustrate the differences between the five models of the Class {{nowrap|NG G16}} locomotive.

References

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