“South Horizons”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

South Horizons was built in four phases,^[4] with Phase I and Phase IV closer to Ap Lei Chau Estate, a public housing estate. The property is currently owned and managed by Hutchison Whampoa Limited.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} The estate has a total of 9,812 residential units.^[1] It has been described as a "middle-class estate",^[6] with a median monthly domestic household income of HK$ 54,300 in 2011.^[5]

South Horizons covers two of the 17 constituencies of Southern District Council, South Horizons East and South Horizons West. Each of these two constituencies returns one district councillor to the Southern District Council, with an election every four years.

South Horizons has been marketed as Hutchison Whampoa's second "Garden City" project, the first one being Whampoa Garden, completed in Hung Hom in 1991.^[7] More than 50 plant species are cultivated there, and a nature trail along the shore features information boards on tree species.^[8] In 2004, Phases II to IV received a Silver Award for Landscape Design as part of the Best Landscape Award for Private Property Development.^[9]

History

Prior to modern development, the land occupied by South Horizons was occupied by hillside and village houses, farmlands, and a sea bay.^[13] It was acquired by Hongkong Electric in 1964,^[10] and the Ap Lei Chau Power Station of Hongkong Electric and an adjoining oil depot of Shell Hong Kong Ltd were built subsequently.^[11]^[12] The power station was in operation from 1968 to 1989. Its generators were relocated to Lamma Power Station,^[13] while the operational headquarters of Hongkong Electric remained on the site. The Shell Oil Depot was in operation between 1970 and the late 1980s.^[11]^[14] In 1973, failure of the foundations of the oil depot led to 3,600 metric tons of heavy marine diesel oil being released into Picnic Bay and Aberdeen Harbour.^[15]^[16] Shell replaced its Ap Lei Chau depot, together with another one in Kwun Tong District (current site of Laguna City),^[17] by a new site opened in 1991 on the south side of Tsing Yi.^[18]

Property market

A new computer balloting scheme was put to use at South Horizons to determine the order in which prospective buyers could purchase flats. It was advanced by the government and developers alike as a replacement for the first-come, first-served sales system, which resulted in long queues plagued by disorder and triad intimidation, for example a 1990 incident where 1,000 triad-led men descended upon a sales queue at another Hutchison Whampoa development, Laguna City.^[19] Police and the Consumer Council stated in 1992 that the new system "appeared to be working fairly".^[20]

In 1995, the ownership structure of South Horizons Phase IV (a.k.a. The Oasis): Hutchison Whampoa Properties: 50%, Cheung Kong (Holdings): 30%, and Hongkong Electric Holdings: 20%. The introduction of 7 blocks of The Oasis on the market in 1995 was one of the largest that year and was followed by analysts as an indication of the state of the market.^[21]

All retail space in the estate is provided at the Marina Square West and Marina Square East shopping centres. Hoping to capitalise on the impending opening of the South Horizons railway station, the Taiwanese owner of Marina Square West (Estate Dragon Group) issued eviction notices to 30 small businesses housed in the shopping arcade. More than 1,000 residents of South Horizons staged a demonstration in 2014 against the plan to transform the arcade into a "high-end shopping outlet for mainland tourists" in spite of local needs and shopping habits.^[22]^[23]

Facilities

Two shopping centres are located in the middle of the complex: Marina Square West (海怡西商場), managed by Savills^[6] and owned by Estate Dragon Group, and Marina Square East (海怡東商場), owned by Hutchison Whampoa.^[25]

Clubhouse playgroup: one private playgroup organised and located at the sports complex

South Horizons has about five kindergartens. There are also two primary schools:

Public transport

See also

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite thesis|last=Chan|first=Chi-kau Johnnie Casire|title=Community development and management of private sector housing estates in Hong Kong|type=|chapter=|url=http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/29067/1/FullText.pdf|author=|year=1995|degree=Master of Housing Management|publisher=University of Hong Kong|accessdate=Sep 14, 2014|pages=113-125|docket=|oclc=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024133703/http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/29067/1/FullText.pdf|archivedate=2013-10-24|df=}} Note: the author of this dissertation was a member of the management team of Hutchison Whampoa Group at the time of its publication (see page 115).
2. ^Lands Department: List of Consents to Sell, Consents to Assign and Approvals of Deeds of Mutual Covenant issued from 1/10/1984 to 31/12/1993
3. ^{{cite news |last= Moir|first= Jane|date= November 28, 1998|title= Secan wins in tax challenge|url= http://www.scmp.com/article/263927/secan-wins-tax-challenge|newspaper= South China Morning Post|location= Hong Kong|accessdate= September 15, 2014}}
4. ^¹Emporis: South Horizons
5. ^¹2011 Population Census: Fact Sheet for South Horizons in Southern District Council District. For the purpose of the 2011 census, each of the "Major Housing Estates", among which South Horizons was listed, so it had its own census data entry. Such estates were thus defined: "A group of residential buildings developed by the same developer (either in the public sector or in the private sector) in one or more phases in a neighbourhood and with at least 3,000 residents or 1,000 domestic households in 2011."
6. ^¹{{cite news |last= Kao|first= Ernest |date=May 2, 2014 |title= South Horizons residents demand local shops, not a tourist mall|url= http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1501948/south-horizons-residents-demand-local-shops-not-tourist-mall|newspaper= South China Morning Post|location= Hong Kong|accessdate=Sep 16, 2014 }}
7. ^¹{{cite news |last= Lynam|first= Robin |date= August 2009|title= Face Lift. How urban renewal can change people's lives|url= http://www.hutchison-whampoa.com/upload/attachments/en/journal/Sphere_25-Full_E.pdf|newspaper= Sphere (The international journal of the Hutchinson Whampoa Group)|issue= 25|pages= 10–15|location= |accessdate= }}
8. ^{{cite book |last= Jim|first= Chi-yung|date= 2008|title= Urban Greening in Hong Kong; Exemplary Designs and Delights|url= |location= |publisher=Green Fun Committee |page= |isbn= 9789881732514|ol= 25009089M|lccn=2010396656|accessdate= }}
9. ^LCSD: Best Landscape Award for Private Property Development, 2004 Awards
10. ^Industcards: Gas- and Oil-fired Plants in China, South Korea & Taiwan {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130103101156/http://www.industcards.com/st-other-china-rok-taiwan.htm |date=2013-01-03 }}
11. ^¹²MTR Corporation Limited: Consultancy Agreement No. NEX/2301. South Island Line (East). Environmental Impact Assessment Report (Volume 1 of 4). Report No.: 248137/51/F. Chapter 9. Land Contamination, August 2010
12. ^Hutchinson Whampoa Limited: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120417210414/http://www.hutchison-whampoa.com/eng/property/property_development/hk.htm Property Development]
13. ^Hongkong Electric Holdings Ltd. History on fundinguniverse.com
14. ^Royal Dutch Shell: Our history in Hong Kong
15. ^{{cite news |last= Valencia|first= Mark J.|date= April 1979|title= South China Sea: Present and potential coastal area resource use conflicts|url= http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnaam496.pdf|newspaper= Ocean Management|doi=10.1016/0302-184X(79)90011-8|location= |volume=5|issue=1|page=25|accessdate= Sep 15, 2014}}
16. ^Legislative Council: LC Paper No. LS80/02-03. Annex II, p.3
17. ^{{Cite thesis |last= Leung|first=Sum-cheung|title=Planning in Hong Kong for industrial relocation|type= |chapter= |url=http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/39750|author= |year= 1996|degree=Master of Science in Urban Planning|publisher= University of Hong Kong|accessdate= Sep 15, 2014|pages=|docket= |oclc= }}
18. ^Royal Dutch Shell: Looking to the Long Term. The Story of Shell in China, August 2004
19. ^{{cite news|last1=Yeung|first1=Linda|title=27 arrested after queue disruption|newspaper= South China Morning Post|date=20 May 1990}}
20. ^{{cite news|last1=Ng|first1=Kang-Chung|title=Computer ballot system helps flat sales go without a hitch|newspaper= South China Morning Post|date=12 March 1992}}
21. ^{{cite news |last= Ma|first= Josephine|date= March 17, 1995|title= Hutchison cuts South Horizons prices 15pc|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/110561/hutchison-cuts-south-horizons-prices-15pc |newspaper= South China Morning Post|location= |accessdate=Sep 14, 2014}}
22. ^{{cite news|last1=Chiu|first1=Karen|title=Residents protest mall plan|url=http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?sid=42181482&art_id=145030&con_type=1&pp_cat=30|accessdate=12 January 2015|work=The Standard|date=2 May 2014}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Is the new West Island Line extension a good thing?|url=http://www.timeout.com.hk/big-smog/features/70472/is-the-new-west-island-line-extension-a-good-thing.html#panel-1|accessdate=12 January 2015|work=Time Out Hong Kong|date=23 December 2014}}
24. ^¹²{{cite news |last= Tomlinson|first= Peta|date= December 9, 2002|title=Green concept adds to fishing traditions |url= http://www.scmp.com/article/400054/green-concept-adds-fishing-traditions|newspaper= South China Morning Post|location= Hong Kong|accessdate= Sep 14, 2014}}
25. ^{{cite news |last= Chiu|first= Karen |date= May 2, 2014|title= Residents protest mall plan|url= http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?sid=42181482&art_id=145030&con_type=1&pp_cat=30|newspaper= The Standard|location= Hong Kong|accessdate= Sep 14, 2014}}
26. ^Citybus & NWFB website

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