| 词条 | Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty |
| 释义 |
The Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty, also known as the Bases Treaty was a bilateral treaty signed in Moscow on 28 September 1939. The treaty obliged both parties to respect each other's sovereignty and independence, and allowed the Soviet government to establish military bases in Estonia. These bases facilitated the Soviet takeover of the country in June 1940. It was signed by Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs Karl Selter and Soviet Commissar of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov. Ratifications were exchanged in Tallinn on 4 October 1939 and the treaty became effective on the same day. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 13 October 1939.[1] The treaty of mutual assistance included the establishment of military bases in Estonia.[2] Background{{Main|Background of the occupation and annexation of the Baltic states}}In September 1939 the Soviet Union asserted its control over the Baltic states with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. The Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September, concluding operations on 6 October. After occupying eastern Poland, the Soviets pressured Finland and the Baltic states to conclude mutual assistance treaties. The Soviets questioned the neutrality of Estonia following the escape of a Polish submarine on 18 September. A week later, on 24 September, the Estonian foreign minister Karl Selter was given an ultimatum in Moscow. The Soviets demanded the conclusion of a treaty of mutual assistance which included the establishment of military bases in Estonia.[2] The Estonian government yielded to the ultimatum. Articles of the treaty
AftermathThe Soviets made similar treaties with Latvia on 5 October and Lithuania on 10 October. The latter treaty transferred Vilnius district to Lithuania.[2] Finland was invited to enter similar negotiations on 5 October. Unlike the Baltics, the Finnish-Soviet negotiations lasted weeks without result. During October 1939, the Soviet government began stationing troops in Estonia in numbers exceeding the Estonian armed forces. As a result, the Soviet government gradually gained control over the territory of Estonia. This allowed the Soviet forces to sink the Estonian merchant ship Kassari in the Baltic sea on December 10, 1939 without any Estonian response.[3] The Soviets invaded Finland on 30 November.[4] On 17 June 1940 the Soviets occupied and annexed Estonia after invading the two other Baltic states. See also
ReferencesCitations1. ^League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 198, pp. 224-229. 2. ^1 2 Hiden & Salmon (1994). p. 110. 3. ^White Book, p. 10. 4. ^Hiden & Salmon (1994). p. 111. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
External links
11 : Estonia in World War II|Occupation of the Baltic states|Treaties of Estonia|Treaties of the Soviet Union|World War II treaties|Treaties concluded in 1939|Treaties entered into force in 1939|1939 in Estonia|1939 in the Soviet Union|Estonia–Soviet Union relations|Military alliances involving the Soviet Union |
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