| 词条 | Metro Pictures |
| 释义 |
| name = Metro Pictures Corporation | fate = Merged with Goldwyn Pictures and Louis B. Mayer Pictures | successor = Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | founded = {{Start date|1915|6|23}} | founder = Richard A. Rowland George Grombacker Louis B. Mayer | defunct = {{End date|1924|4|17}} ({{Age in years and days|1915|6|23|1924|4|17}}) | hq_location = Heidelberg Building | hq_location_city = New York City, New York | hq_location_country = United States | industry = Film studio | key_people = Richard A. Rowland (President) Louis B. Mayer (secretary) }} Metro Pictures Corporation was a motion picture production company founded in early 1915 in the United States. It was a forerunner of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The company produced its films in New York, Los Angeles, and sometimes at leased facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey.[1] It was purchased in 1919. History{{multiple image| align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 | image1 =Eye for eye - lobbycard 1918.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 =Lobby card for Eye for Eye (1918) | image2 =Keaton Convict 13 1920.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 =Poster for Convict 13 (1920) | image3 =Alias Jimmy Valentine poster 1920.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 =Poster for Alias Jimmy Valentine (1920) | image4 =Off Shore Pirate 1921.jpg | alt4 = | caption4 =Poster for The Off-Shore Pirate (1921) | image6 =Peacock Alley poster.jpg | alt6 = | caption6 =Poster for Peacock Alley (1922) }} Metro Pictures was founded as a film distribution company in February 1915 by a number of "exchange men" with Richard A. Rowland as president, George Grombacker as vice-president and Louis B. Mayer as secretary.[2] Grombacker owned exchanges in Portland and Seattle. Rowland and Metro's 2nd vice president James B. Clark were from the Roland & Clark company based in Pittsburgh. Metro was capitalized with $300,000 in cash and founded for the purpose of controlling movie productions for the exchanges.[3] Rowland had been an investor in Alco Films which was a distribution company for a coalition of production companies. Mayer convinced Rowland to set up Metro to replace Alco to avoid being picked up by Paramount, Mutual Film, or Universal. Metro had Rolfe Photoplays, Inc. and Popular Plays and Players moving over from Alco to Metro. Additional production companies working with Metro were Columbia (1915–1917 [not the current Columbia], subsequently CBC Sales until 1918), Quality Picture Corporation, and Dreyda.[4] In 1915, Metro established its back lot in Hollywood on N. Cahuenga Boulevard between Willoughby Avenue and Waring Avenue bound by Lillian Way on the east.[5] Metro's first release on March 29, 1915 was Satan Sanderson, a film produced by Rolfe Photoplays which was originally to be distributed by Alco Film Company.[6] Sealed Valley was Metro's first production released on August 2, 1915.[7] Mayer left to form his own production unit in 1918.[8] In 1919, the company was purchased by Marcus Loew as a supplier of product for his theater chain. However, Loew was not satisfied with the amount or quality of Metro's output. A few years later in 1924, Loew merged it with his recently acquired Goldwyn Pictures and shortly Louis B. Mayer Productions then renamed the new entity Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1925 with Mayer in charge.[9] StarsMetro's biggest stars during the World War I period were the romantic teams of Francis X. Bushman and Beverly Bayne and Harold Lockwood and May Allison. Also in top echelons of importance were actresses Mae Murray and Viola Dana and from the stage Lionel and Ethel Barrymore, Emmy Wehlen and Emily Stevens. Before merging into MGM in 1924, Metro's star roster had expanded to include Lillian Gish, Buster Keaton, Jackie Coogan, Marion Davies, Ramon Novarro, Wallace Beery and Lewis Stone. Motion Picture StudiosAlthough the Metro film library and stars were merged into MGM in 1924, a portion of Rowland's Los Angeles film studio continued with a life of its own. Originally spanning four city blocks, one block continued as a studio known simply as Motion Picture Studios through the 1940s, and as General Service Studios and Desilu Studios through the 1950s and 1960s. It became Ren-Mar Studios in 1974. In January 2010, Ren-Mar Studios was bought by Red Digital Cinema Camera Company. The complex was renamed "Red Studios Hollywood". It is located on Cahuenga Blvd. north of Melrose Avenue in Hollywood, directly behind the Musicians AFM Local 47 on Vine Street. David E. Kelley filmed several of his TV series there, including Picket Fences, Ally McBeal, and The Practice. Filmography{{Main|List of Metro Pictures films}}A 1965 fire in an MGM Archive #7 storage facility destroyed original negatives and prints, including the best-quality copies of every Metro picture and Louis B. Mayer Picture produced prior to 1924; over half of MGM's feature films from before 1930 are completely lost. On March 25, 1986, Ted Turner and his Turner Broadcasting System purchased pre-May 1986 MGM films (including Metro Pictures films) from Kirk Kerkorian for $600 million.
References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Studios and Films |url=http://www.fortleefilm.org/studios.html |website=Fort Lee Films.org |publisher=Fort Lee Film Commission |accessdate=December 20, 2014}} 2. ^{{cite book | last = Eyman | first = S. | title = Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer | publisher = Simon & Schuster | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-4391-0791-1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Jid5xNh89wgC&pg=PA43 | access-date = 24 June 2018 | page = 43}} 3. ^{{Citation |title=The Metro Corporation |url=https://archive.org/stream/motography13elec#page/278/mode/1up |journal=Motography |volume=XIII |issue=8 |page=278 |date=February 20, 1915 |accessdate=December 5, 2013}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=McMahan |first1=Alison |title=Alice Guy Blaché: Lost Visionary of the Cinema |date=August 22, 2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |page=179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mqIMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=ALCO+Metro+Pictures&source=bl&ots=0SofKPX9po&sig=mvKsu84TECaQTKBdK8wr9S-S_6g&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yD6YVIG9DoimNqz4gKgJ&ved=0CFgQ6AEwDw#v=onepage&q=ALCO%20Metro%20Pictures&f=false |accessdate=December 22, 2014}} 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Monush |first1=Barry |last2=Sheridan |first2=James |title=Lucille Ball FAQ: Everything Left to Know About America's Favorite Redhead |date=June 1, 2011 |publisher=Applause Theatre & Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vq2Zff8JZZ8C&pg=PT528&lpg=PT528&dq=Equity+Studios+on+Cahuenga+Boulevard&source=bl&ots=HFkWeshZC9&sig=JtWom-sIkGPJy8dIFvvUZYO6vLA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MFiYVPPmOo3hggS6kYLwBA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Equity%20Studios%20on%20Cahuenga%20Boulevard&f=false |accessdate=December 22, 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Satan Sanderson |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=1&Movie=16621 |website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |accessdate=December 22, 2014}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |title=Sealed Valley |url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/AbbrView.aspx?s=&Movie=1839 |website=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |publisher=American Film Institute |accessdate=December 22, 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Louis B. Mayer |url=http://www.biography.com/people/louis-b-mayer-9403666 |website=The Biography.com |publisher=A&E Television Networks |accessdate=December 22, 2014}} 9. ^{{cite book |title=International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 25 |date=1999 |publisher=St. James Press |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/metro-goldwyn-mayer-inc-history/ |accessdate=December 20, 2014}} External links{{Commons category|Metro Pictures}}
8 : Media companies established in 1915|Media companies disestablished in 1924|Silent film studios|Defunct American film studios|Film production companies of the United States|Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|1915 establishments in New York (state)|American silent films by studio |
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