| 词条 | Speaking Circles |
| 释义 |
Speaking Circles are small groups of 8-10 people who come together to feel at ease in public speaking. Originally developed as a way to combat stage fright, independent practitioners now also report successful applications to treating stuttering,[1] attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder[2] and other social challenges. HistorySpeaking Circles were developed in the late 1970s by former stand-up comedian Lee Glickstein, who codified the methods he found successful in addressing his own experience of stage fright.[3] Subsequently, Glickstein registered the name Speaking Circles as a trademark and incorporated a business, Speaking Circles International, to deliver training using his methods through a network of licensed facilitators. The Speaking Circles website now lists over 50 facilitators who have paid for initial training and ongoing certification and who now operate their own practices across the United States, Belgium, Canada, England, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, Mexico and Japan. Relational PresenceThe core of Glickstein's method is a state of mind he calls Relational Presence, something he describes as "a state of receptivity to another without agenda or effort." Traditional oratory and rhetorical approaches to public speaking highlight performance as a key to engaging and holding an audience. Metaphorically, speakers are seen as connecting with their audiences by 'reaching out' to them through compelling words, gestures and arguments. In contrast, speakers applying Relational Presence techniques invite connection by establishing a sense of intimate safety. The speaker and each audience member understand that it's OK to simply be themselves and no performance is required. The most usual method of a speaker establishing Relational Presence with an audience is through non-threatening eye contact made by the speaker with individual members of the audience, and held for longer than usual periods of time (usually a minimum of few seconds for each audience member engaged in this way). There is [https://plus.google.com/hangouts/_/gsgn4yep5lxanjbguidxigd5gma research] to suggest that this sort of eye contact releases the social bonding hormone Oxytocin, which may well explain the increased sense of safety and trust that speakers and audiences report feeling when a speaker is connecting using Relational Presence. Other research by Dr Stephen Porges suggests that extended non-threatening eye-contact activates what he calls the Social Engagement System, which acts as a brake on the normal fight or flight response, slows the heart rate and thereby creates a sense of safety. More details of the relationship between Dr Porges work and Relational Presence can be found in this article. Training methodsLicensed facilitators teach Relational Presence through an approach sharing elements in common with group psychotherapy. It aims to gradually repair the damage left behind from any earlier public traumas in life. Methods usedThe following description describes a typical evening 2-3 hour Speaking Circle meeting, although many facilitators run Speaking Circle workshops lasting 1 or more days:
References1. ^{{citation | title=The value of Speaking Circles for those who stammer | author=Anon.| publisher=British Stammering Association | year=2001 | url=http://www.stammering.org/speakingcircles.html | accessdate=2008-07-31}} 2. ^{{citation | title=Speaking Circles Applied to Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) | author=Dr. Marilyn Kroplick | publisher=New Horizons for Learning | url=http://www.newhorizons.org/spneeds/adhd/kroplick.htm | accessdate=2008-07-31}} 3. ^{{citation | title=Be Heard Now! | author=Lee Glickstein | publisher=Broadway | year=1999}} External links
2 : Communication skills training|Personal service companies |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。