| 词条 | Speckled mosquitofish |
| 释义 |
| image = Gefleckter Kaudi Männchen.jpg | image_caption = | taxon = Phalloceros caudimaculatus | authority = (R. F. Hensel, 1868) }} The speckled mosquitofish or the one-spot livebearer (Phalloceros caudimaculatus) is a species of fish native eastern and southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay.[1] It has also been introduced to Australia, Malawi and New Zealand; primarily for mosquito control, but also as escapees from the aquarium trade.[1] It has been reported as having adverse ecological effects in areas where it has been introduced.[1] The females of this species grow to a total length of {{convert|6|cm|in}}, while males remain smaller.[1] OriginsThis species originated in South America.[2] It is mainly a freshwater fish and thrives best in areas with weak water flow.[2] However, it is extremely adaptable and can thrive in a multitude of altered environments.[2] For example, although it prefers temperatures between {{convert|16|and(-)|22|C|F|abbr=on}}, it can survive up to {{convert|30|C|F|abbr=on}}[3] and down to {{convert|5|C|F|abbr=on}}.[2] The species also has a high fecundity.[4] This speckled mosquito fish was one of the first in its family to be bred for aquarium usage.[2] Ecologists also attempted to use the fish as a mosquito control; however, the mosquito fish's diverse diet affected its efficacy as a control species.[2] The mosquito fish can eat a range of different organisms, including algae.[2] Role as an invasive speciesThe speckled mosquitofish was introduced to a variety of ecosystems both by aquarium keepers and as mosquito pest control.[2] The NSW area of Australia has been affected the most by its presence.[2] It reproduces and spreads well in the winter when there is a larger flow of water.[2] Australian ecologists have tried to contain this spread by killing them with rotenone; however, the infestation persists.[2] The mosquitofish is most likely to be found in shallow areas with varying levels of vegetation, such as local ponds.[4] The ecological impact of the speckled mosquitofish in Australia is pronounced. Its diet has affected populations of both native and non-native fish.[4] An example would be the non-native species Gambusia holbrooki.[4] It has similar features as the mosquito fish, such as a high reproductive rate and use for mosquito control.[4] However, its population in Australia has diminished since the introduction of the speckled mosquitofish.[4] Furthermore, this mosquitofish has also affected the food chain, as they have become prey for native bird species.[4] References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|title = Phalloceros caudimaculatus summary page|url = http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Phalloceros-caudimaculatus.html|website = FishBase|accessdate = 2015-11-23|editor-last = Froese|editor-first = R|editor2-last = Pauly|editor2-first = D}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q964662}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite journal|url = http://www.rswa.org.au/publications/Journal/91(3)/roy%20soc%20vol%2091%20pt%203%20maddern%20lo-res.pdf|title = Distribution and spread of the introduced One-spot Livebearer Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae) in southwestern Australia|last = Maddern|first = M.G.|date = 2008|journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia|doi = |pmid = |access-date = November 23, 2015|issue = 91|pages = 229–235}} 3. ^SeriouslyFish: Phalloceros caudimaculatus. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite journal|title = New records and invasive potential of the poeciliid fish Phalloceros caudimaculatus|journal = New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research|date = 2005-09-01|issn = 0028-8330|pages = 1013–1022|volume = 39|issue = 5|doi = 10.1080/00288330.2005.9517372|first = J. J. L.|last = Rowley|first2 = T. S.|last2 = Rayner|first3 = G. H.|last3 = Pyke}} 7 : Poeciliidae|Freshwater fish of South America|Freshwater fish of Argentina|Freshwater fish of Brazil|Fish of Paraguay|Fish of Uruguay|Fish described in 1868 |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。