词条 | Spiritualism (philosophy) |
释义 |
In philosophy, spiritualism is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.[1] This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.[1] Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter.[1][2] Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.[2] Notable spiritualist thinkers
See also
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Encyclopædia Britannica, "Spiritualism (in philosophy)", britannica.com {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}{{Authority control}}{{reli-metaphysics-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite book|author=William James|title=A pluralistic universe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPuwCunFTFoC&pg=PA16|accessdate=17 July 2010|date=1 January 1977|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-67391-5|page=16}} 3. ^Su-Young Park-Hwang (1998), [https://books.google.com/books?id=OyQcAgAACAAJ&dq= L'habitude dans le spiritualisme français: Maine de Biran, Ravaisson, Bergson], Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. 4. ^Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Brahman to Derrida, Taylor & Francis, 1998, p. 10: "Victor Cousin's eclectic spiritualism". 5 : Metaphysical theories|Theory of mind|Idealism|Dualism|Metaphysics of religion |
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