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词条 SS California (1923)
释义

  1. Building

  2. Career

     Pre-War  World War II  Loss 

  3. Footnotes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{for|other ships to have carried the name|SS California}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image =Ship caption = California passing the Statue of Liberty, New York, 1925
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header =Ship country = United KingdomUK|civil}}Ship name = CaliforniaShip namesake = CaliforniaShip owner = Anchor LineShip operator =UK|civil}} GlasgowShip route = Glasgow – New YorkShip ordered =Ship builder = Alexander Stephen & Sons, GlasgowShip original cost =California}}Ship way number =Ship laid down =California}}Ship completed =Ship maiden voyage =Ship in service =Ship out of service =Ship fate = Crippled by German air attack 11 July 1943; sunk the next day by the Royal NavyShip status =Ship identification = Official number: 1147871[1]Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header =Header caption =Ship class =Ship displacement =16792}}{{sfn|California}}
  • tonnage under deck 12,093
  • {{NRT|9,930}}
553.0|ft|abbr=on}}70.4|ft|abbr=on}}Ship draught =33.8|ft|abbr=on}}Ship propulsion = 6 steam turbines; twin screw16|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}[1]Ship range =Ship complement =Ship sensors =Ship EW =Ship armament = DEMSShip armour =Ship notes =
}}

SS California was a British {{GRT|16792}} steam turbine ocean liner that was built in Glasgow in 1923 for Henderson Brothers and destroyed in the North Atlantic by a Luftwaffe air attack in 1943.

Building

Alexander Stephen & Sons of Linthouse, Glasgow built California for Henderson Brothers. Photographs of the ship taken in the 1930s show only one funnel, suggesting either a major refit, or that the original fore and aft funnels were dummies. Note the Infobox photograph shows smoke emerging only from the middle funnel.

Career

Pre-War

California carried passengers between Glasgow and New York via Londonderry (Derry) and Boston, and in 1935 she was transferred to Anchor Line (1935) Ltd.

World War II

In 1939 she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and converted to an Armed Merchant Cruiser, and from 1942 she was a troopship.

Loss

On 8 July 1943 the small fast Convoy Faith, comprising {{MV|Port Fairy||2}}, the troopships {{SS|Duchess of York|1928|2}} and California, and escorted by the destroyer {{HMS|Douglas|D90|6}} and frigate {{HMS|Moyola|K260|6}}, sailed Port Glasgow, Scotland, for Freetown, Sierra Leone. On the evening of 10 July the convoy rendezvoused with the Canadian destroyer {{HMCS|Iroquois|G89|6}} {{convert|500|mi|km}} WSW of Land's End. On 11 July 1943 when about {{convert|300|mi|km}} west of Vigo, Spain, the convoy was attacked by three Focke-Wulf Fw 200 aircraft of Kampfgeschwader 40[2] from Merignac near Bordeaux.

Accurate high-altitude bombing left Duchess of York and California in flames.[3] The attack cost the lives of 46 servicemen and crew,[4] and both ships were abandoned. It was feared the flames from the ships would attract U-boats, so in the early hours of 12 July[3] they were sunk by Royal Navy torpedoes in position {{coord|41|15|N|15|24|W|display=inline,title}}.[5]

Footnotes

1. ^1 {{csr|register=MSI|id=1147871|accessdate=21 June 2009}}
2. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.mercantilemarine.org/showthread.php?t=110&page=2 |title = Mercantile Marine.com |accessdate = 20 June 2008 |ref = harv |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727080235/http://www.mercantilemarine.org/showthread.php?t=110&page=2 |archivedate = 27 July 2011 |df = dmy-all}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/maritime-1a.html|title = Maritime Disasters of World War II|accessdate = 20 June 2008|ref = harv}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/anchor.html |title=Anchor Line |work=The Ships List |accessdate=25 June 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803125702/http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/anchor.html |archivedate=3 August 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
5. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?32081|title = SS California (+1943)|publisher = Wrecksite.eu|accessdate = 25 June 2008|ref = harv}}

References

  • {{cite web

|url = http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=3569
|title = Clyde Built database
|accessdate = 25 June 2008
|ref = {{harvid|California}}
}}

External links

{{Commons category|California (ship, 1923)}}
  • BBC World War II People's War
{{July 1943 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:California (1923)}}

11 : 1923 ships|Auxiliary cruisers of the Royal Navy|Ships built on the River Clyde|Maritime incidents in July 1943|Merchant ships of the United Kingdom|Ocean liners|Ships sunk by German aircraft|Steamships of the United Kingdom|Troop ships of the United Kingdom|World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom|World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
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