| 词条 | SS Glenlyon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Glenlyon was a freighter built in 1893; it was sunk off the shore of Isle Royale in Lake Superior in 1924 and the remains are still on the lake bottom. The wreck was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.[2] HistoryThe Glenlyon (Canadian Official #126660; American #81427)[3] was constructed in 1893 by F. W. Wheeler & Company as the William H. Gratwick[4] for John Mitcell & Company of Cleveland, Ohio.[5] The ship was a steel-hulled, steam-powered package freighter,[4] 328 feet long with a beam of 42.5 feet, a depth of 20.5 feet, and a cargo capacity of 3800 tons.[6] The ship had two decks and three masts.[5] It was launched on February 4, 1893, and was the first ship to sport one of Wheeler's newly produced engines,[7] a 1200-horsepower triple expansion steam engine.[3] The Gratwick was sold multiple times: in 1899, 1902, 1907, and, in 1910 to the Chicago & Duluth Transportation Company.[5] The ship hauled both package freight and bulk cargo, as well as, for a short time, passengers for both U.S. and Canada—an unusual history for a Great Lakes ship.[3] In 1912, Chicago & Duluth renamed the ship Minnekahta.[3] The ship was sold again in 1913, and finally, in 1914, the ship was purchased by the Great Lakes Transportation Company Ltd. of Midland, Ontario, overhauled, and had her name changed to the Glenyon.[3][4][5] At the same time, the ship's registry was changed to be Canadian.[3] On October 30, 1924, the Glenlyon left Thunder Bay, Ontario[5] carrying 143,000 bushels of wheat.[4] The weather turned particularly bad, and the ship was forced to anchor in the Welcome Islands.[3] On the 31st, the captain decided to resume the trip, but the winds picked up again and the Glenlyon headed for shelter in Isle Royale's Siskiwit Bay.[3] In the early morning hours of November 1, 1924 the ship ran aground on the reef now bearing its name off Menagerie Island and near the Isle Royale Light while steaming toward Siskiwit Bay.[4] The ship sent out a distress call, and the captain turned off the pumps to keep the ship settled on the reef.[3] Other vessels from the Great Lakes Transportation fleet rushed to the scene, as well as the Coast Guard, and most of the crew was rescued by late morning.[3][8] Two crewmembers who had gone overboard in a lifeboat for an unknown reason were missing; a search was made for the men and they were found early the next morning ashore in Siskiwit Bay.[5] Salvage operations were started, but only 75,000 bushels of cargo were recovered over the next few weeks.[3] The ship's condition deteriorated, and eventually salvage operations were called off.[3] The Glenlyon soon broke in half, and by April of the next year it was completely submerged.[3][4] The wreck todayThe cold waters of the lake have preserved the structure of the ship[4] in 15 to 60 feet of water.[33] The wreck of the Glenlyon is open to the public and accessible for dives,[9] although it was visited less than 20 times in 2009 out of 1062 dives made to wrecks in the Isle Royale National Park.[10] The wreckage of the ship is scattered, with the bow section on the bay side of the shoal and the stern section on the lake side.[3] However, pieces of the wreck are easily recognizable, as they are laid out close to their origins on the ship, and nearly the entire ship is still in place.[5] Some large sections of the ship are still intact, including the bow,[11] and the engine room with drive shaft, propeller, engine, and boilers.[5] The cabin is easily recognizable.[9][12] The ship is significant as an example of a transitional style vessel, built as typical freighter lengths were rapidly increasing from 300 feet in 1886 to 400 feet in 1895.[6] It is the only known example of this type and size of vessel available for study.[6]{{fact|reason=The W.H. Gilbert, which is exactly the same size as the Glenlyon, sank on Lake Huron in 1916 and is almost completely intact.[13]|date=February 2019}} The wreckage of the Glenlyon has been archeologically surveyed multiple times, giving a map of the wreckage, and particularly how parts of the wreckage moves across the lake floor due to currents and ice floes.[14] References1. ^The wreck is listed as "address restricted", but Isle Royale National Park permits public dives and publishes the location of the wreck. Coordinate location is per {{cite web | title = The Wrecks of Isle Royale | publisher = Black Dog Diving | url = http://www.mn-blackdogdiving.com/new_page_2.htm | accessdate = December 12, 2010 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714104639/http://www.mn-blackdogdiving.com/new_page_2.htm | archivedate = July 14, 2011 | df = }} 2. ^1 {{NRISref|2009a}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web | title = Glenlyon Shipwreck | publisher = Superior Shipwrecks | url = http://www.superiortrips.com/Glenlyon_Shipwreck.htm | accessdate = December 10, 2010}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{citation | title =Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park, Glenlyon Wreck Site | url = http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.mi0296 | publisher = Historic American Engineering Record, Survey number HAER MI-51-A}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{citation | title = Submerged Cultural Resources Study: Isle Royale National Park | author1 = Daniel Lenihan | author2 = Toni Carrell | author3 = Thom Holden | author4 = C. Patrick Labadie | author5 = Larry Murphy | author6 = Ken Vrana | editor = Daniel Lenihan | year = 1987 | publisher = Southwest Cultural Resources Center | pages = 119–126, 276–284 | url = http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/isro/isro.pdf}} 6. ^1 2 {{citation | title = NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM: Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park Thematic Group| author = Toni Carrell | date = September 1983 | url = {{NRHP url|id=64000334}}}} 7. ^{{citation | title = Maritime Bay County | author1 = Ron Bloomfield | author2 = Bay County Historical Society | publisher = Arcadia Publishing | year = 2009 | ISBN = 0-7385-6117-7 | page = 38 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mvW3o7S_-qMC&pg=PA38#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 8. ^{{citation | title = Isle Royale| author1 = Jessica J. Poirier | author2 = Richard E. Taylor | publisher = Arcadia Publishing | year = 2007 | ISBN = 0-7385-5135-X | page = 96 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5Gt_YS5wNgC&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = Scuba Diving | publisher = Isle Royale National Park, National Park Service | url = http://www.nps.gov/isro/planyourvisit/scuba-diving.htm | accessdate = December 10, 2010}} 10. ^{{citation | title = A Diver’s Experience | author = Pete Sweger | periodical = The Greenstone 2010 | year = 2010 | page = 9 | url = http://www.nps.gov/isro/planyourvisit/upload/Greenstone_2010.pdf}} 11. ^{{cite web | title = NPS Investigates Sunken Ships in Isle Royale NP | publisher = National Park Service | url = http://www.nps.gov/archeology/sites/npsites/IsleRoyale.htm | accessdate = December 14, 2010}} 12. ^{{cite web | title = The wrecks | publisher = MN Blackdog Diving LLC | url = http://www.mn-blackdogdiving.com/new_page_2.htm | accessdate = December 10, 2010 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714104639/http://www.mn-blackdogdiving.com/new_page_2.htm | archivedate = July 14, 2011 | df = }} 13. ^[https://thunderbay.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/w_h_gilbert.html W.H. Gilbert] 14. ^{{cite web | title = NPS Investigates Sunken Ships in Isle Royale NP | publisher = National Park Service | url = http://www.nps.gov/archeology/sites/npsites/IsleRoyale.htm | accessdate = December 10, 2010}} Further reading{{commonscat|Glenlyon (ship, 1893)}}
7 : Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan|Keweenaw County, Michigan|Great Lakes ships|Maritime incidents in 1924|Shipwrecks of Lake Superior|1893 ships|Isle Royale National Park |
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