请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 SS Merion
释义

  1. Career

  2. Notes

  3. References

  4. Bibliography

{{Infobox ship image{{Infobox ship characteristics
Ship image=Ship caption=Postcard image of SS Merion in passenger service
}}{{Infobox ship career		Ship name=SS MerionShip owner=
  • 1902–1914: International Mercantile Marine[1]
  • 1914–1915: British Admiralty
Ship operator=
  • 1902–1903: Dominion Line[1]
  • 1903–1914: American Line
  • 1907: Red Star Line (1 voyage)
  • 1914–1915: British Admiralty
UK|civil}} Liverpool[1]Ship route=
  • 1902–1903: Liverpool–Boston[1]
  • 1903–1914: Liverpool–Philadelphia
  • 1907: Antwerp–New York (1 voyage)
Ship builder=John Brown & Company, Clydebank[1]Ship original cost=Ship yard number=345[2]Ship laid down=Ship launched=26 November 1901[2]Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=February 1902[2]Ship maiden voyage= Liverpool–Boston, 8 March 1902[1]UB-82}, 31 May 1915[1]Ship notes=one of the largest ships hit by U-boats in World War I

Sister ship: SS Haverford


}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Ship type=ocean liner11,621}}[2]161.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[2]18.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}}[2]Ship draft=Ship depth=Ship hold depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship propulsion=*2 × triple-expansion steam engines[2]
  • 2 × propellers
14|knots}}[2]Ship boats=
}}
Passengers:
  • 150 second-class
  • 1,700 third-class}}
Hide header=yesShip crew=6|in|cm}} guns (as merchant ship, 1914)[3]Tiger|1913|6}}
}}

SS Merion was an ocean liner built in 1902 for the American Line, a subsidiary line of the International Mercantile Marine (IMM). She also sailed for the Red Star Line and the Dominion Line—both subsidiary lines of IMM—during her passenger career. After the outbreak of World War I she was bought by the British Admiralty and converted to serve as a decoy resembling the Royal Navy battlecruiser {{HMS|Tiger|1913|6}}. In May 1915, while posing as Tiger in the Aegean Sea, Merion was sunk by the German submarine {{SMU|UB-8}}.

Career

Merion was built by John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Scotland for the American Line, a subsidiary of the International Navigation Company, and launched on 26 November 1901.[1] The ship was {{convert|161.7|m|ftin}} long (between perpendiculars) and {{convert|18.0|m|ftin}} abeam. She had a gross register tonnage (GRT) of 11,621. The ship had twin screw propellers powered by twin triple-expansion steam engines, and, at top speed, could move {{convert|14|knots|km/h}}.[2] As built, Merion had accommodations for 150 second- and 1,700 third-class passengers.[1] Merion was named after a suburb of Philadelphia, PA, as was her sister ship, the SS Haverford. The towns were home to Clement Griscom, Director of the International Navigation Company. [4][5]

Upon completion, the ship was chartered to the Dominion Line, a subsidiary line of International Mercantile Marine (IMM) with which International Navigation had merged in 1902. The liner sailed for Dominion on her maiden voyage on 8 March 1902 from Liverpool to Boston. After completing eleven voyages on that route, Merion was returned to the American Line in March 1903. The following month she began sailing on the Liverpool–Philadelphia route on which she sailed most of the rest of her passenger career. She was briefly chartered to the Red Star Line in 1907 for one Antwerp–New York voyage.[1]

The liner had several mishaps during her passenger career. On 2 March 1903, an article in The Washington Post reported that Merion had run aground shortly after leaving Queenstown while en route to Liverpool from Boston. The ship was freed from her perch near Chicago Knoll by the rising tide, but when she got underway again became stuck fast in almost the same spot. At press time, two British Admiralty tugs had been dispatched to free the ship.[6] Almost exactly a year later, Merion collided with the steamer Clan Grant off Tuskar Rock on 30 March 1904 and was damaged.[1] On 24 December 1912, Merion collided with a tanker off the Delaware coast and sustained damage which included two flooded compartments. The ship was beached below Cross Ledge, but was refloated and made way under her own power back to Philadelphia, after discharging her cargo and passengers.[7]

After the outbreak of World War I in Europe, Merion was equipped with four {{convert|6|in|cm|adj=on}} guns for defensive purposes. Merion was the subject of a protest by the German Consul at Philadelphia, when she docked at that port equipped with those guns, counter to rules regarding armed ships in neutral ports. The still-neutral United States required that the guns be removed before they would allow Merion to sail;[3][8] her guns were stowed belowdecks when she departed Philadelphia on 5 September 1914.[3] Merion{{'}}s final voyage on the Liverpool–Philadelphia route began on 31 October, after which she was sold to the British Admiralty.[1]

Merion was employed as part of a program that disguised ocean liners to resemble Royal Navy capital ships. Merion was patterned after the British battlecruiser {{HMS|Tiger|1913|6}} and deployed in the Mediterranean.[1][9] For this duty, the liner was equipped with canvas-and-wood replicas of Tiger{{'}}s guns, and her crew had to stow them whenever approached by neutral ships. The ship was also overloaded with ballast to make the ship ride lower in the water to match the profile of the real Tiger.[32]

On 29 May 1915, the German submarine {{SMU|UB-8||2}},[10] apparently tempted by the prospect of sinking a British battlecruiser, allowed five loaded transports to sail past before launching a torpedo attack on Merion.[11] One torpedo from UB-8 struck the liner and exploded, sending some of the "cement and stones" used as ballast into the air. Some of Merion{{'}}s crew that were knocked overboard by the explosion were able to float ashore on nearby Strati Island on remnants of the liner's false guns.[11] Despite being severely overloaded, Merion did not immediately sink, remaining afloat more than 24 hours before finally succumbing to the attack on 31 May.[11] Four crew were killed during the. Merion{{'}}s sinking.

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bonsor, vol.3, pp. 945–46.
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{csr|register=MSI|id=1115257|shipname=Merion |accessdate=3 March 2009 }}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news | title = Sails with guns in hold | work = The New York Times | date = 6 September 1914 | page = 4 }}
4. ^{{cite journal | title = New Dominion Line Steamers | journal = The Watchman | date = 3 April 1902 | volume = 84 | issue = 14 | page = 29 }}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlantictransportline.us/content/69Merion.htm|title=SS Merion|last=Kinghorn,|first=Jonathan|date=2005–2014|website=www.atlantictransportline.us|publisher=|access-date=October 30, 2016}}
6. ^{{cite news | title = Dominion liner aground | work = The Washington Post | date = 3 Mar 1903 | page = 11 }}
7. ^{{cite news | title = Ships crash in Delaware | work = The New York Times | date = 25 December 1912 | page = 2 }}
8. ^The United States did not enter World War I until April 1917.
9. ^The real {{HMS|Tiger|1913|6}} was a part of the British Grand Fleet and not in the Mediterranean. See: {{cite news | last = Cropley | first = Ralph E. | title = Only the Naval Reserve | work = The Atlantic Monthly | page = 439 |date=April 1918 }}.
10. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=4093|name=Merion|type=1ship|accessdate=3 March 2009}}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | last = Cropley | first = Ralph E. | title = Only the Naval Reserve | work = The Atlantic Monthly | page = 439 |date=April 1918 }}

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book | last = Bonsor | first = N. R. P. | title = North Atlantic Seaway | edition = Enlarged and completely revised | location = Saint Brélade, Jersey | publisher = Brookside Publications | origyear = 1955 | year = 1978 | isbn = 0-905824-01-6 | oclc = 29930159 }}
{{Good article}}{{May 1915 shipwrecks}}{{coord missing|Aegean Sea}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Merion}}

9 : Ocean liners|Ships built on the River Clyde|Passenger ships of the United Kingdom|World War I passenger ships of the United Kingdom|Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I|World War I shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea|1901 ships|Maritime incidents in 1915|Ships sunk with no fatalities
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 23:03:35