| 词条 | SS Quinault Victory | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class=Victory Ship VC2-S-AP3 |Ship displacement=7,608 gross tons, deadweight 12,000 tons |Ship length=439 ft (150 m) |Ship beam=62 ft (21.2 m) |Ship draught= |Ship draft=28 ft 6 in (8.1 m) |Ship propulsion=Westinghouse DR geared turbine, 2 x single screwed shaft horsepower 8,500 |Ship speed=16.5 knots ||Ship complement=36 Merchant Marine and 17 US Naval Armed Guards |Ship armament=*1 × 5 inch (127 mm)/38 caliber gun
|Ship notes= MC Hull No. 115 }} |} The SS Quinault Victory was the thirty-first Victory ship built by Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation in Portland, Oregon under the auspices of the Emergency Shipbuilding Program in support of America's involvement in World War II. Laid-down on 3 May 1944 and launched on 17 June (sponsored by Mrs. Carroll McQueen, with Mrs. A.T. Eaton and Mrs. Walter A. Sovey as Matrons of Honor and Ruth Burgwald serving as flower girl[1]), Quinault Victory was delivered to the War Shipping Administration and subsequently leased to the United States Lines Company. Port Chicago, CaliforniaOn July 11, 1944 Quinault Victory sailed from Portland, under the command of Merchant Marine Captain Robert J. Sullivan arriving at the Shell Oil Company's Martinez, California refinery on July 17, 1944 where she took on a partial load of fuel oil. Some of the oil taken aboard was of a type that released light hydrocarbon gas on agitation, heating, or standing. This could have resulted in formation of an explosive mixture in the confined air space above the oil in the tanks. Prior to being sent to Martinez for a pre-loading inspection was made by the Port Director's officers and the Captain of the Port's office, and no defects were noted.Upon leaving Martinez she sailed up Suisun Bay to Port Chicago Naval Magazine, California arriving approximately 6:00 PM (Pacific War Time) in preparation for her maiden voyage.[2] Some difficulty was experienced in mooring her due to winds and tides. She was moored on the starboard side headed east at the outboard berth across from the SS E.A. Bryan, a Liberty ship. Upon arrival at Port Chicago, California both the loading officer and his assistants visited the ship, gave copies of pertinent magazine orders to the master, inspected some of the holds and saw that the ship was being properly rigged for loading. The number 5 cargo hold was not being rigged, as it was not to be loaded that night. As a new ship, this was the first time the Quinault Victory had been rigged for loading. Trouble was experienced with shackles and preventer guys as they were non-standard. Winding on some of the winches were on backwards and had to be corrected. Loading normally have started at midnight. Dunnage ammunition and loaded railcars were parked on the pier for loading to the ships. The railcars slated for Quinault Victory contained 253 tons of bombs and 5 inch projectiles for 5"/25 caliber guns. Across the pier the E.A. Bryan was already loaded with 6,064 tons of ammunition and had an additional 176 tons on the pier, including 60 tons of incendiary clusters, to be loaded before departing.[2] Port Chicago disaster{{Main|Port Chicago disaster}}On July 17, 1944, at 10:18 PM local time, two major explosions occurred 6 seconds apart in what became known as the Port Chicago disaster. The detonation of 4,600 tons of munitions being loaded onto the Quinault Victory and E.A. Bryan, registered at a magnitude of 3.4 on the seismograph at the University of California, Berkeley, some 20 miles away. The force of the explosions lifted the Quinault Victory out of the water; she landed 500 feet away upside-down, facing the opposite direction. The E.A. Bryan was vaporized, as there were no identifiable remains of her following the explosions.[2] 320 sailors and dockworkers were killed and 390 were injured, making it the worst U.S. home front disaster of World War II. The span of only twelve weeks between the ship's keel being laid and the disaster may make Quinault Victory the most short-lived of all the Victory ships. Ship’s complementMariners killed:
Naval Armed Guards killed:
Mariners injured:
The names of those killed aboard Quinault Victory are listed at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial which was dedicated in 1994. See also
References1. ^Oregon Journal June 19, 1944 final edition. {{coord missing|Contra Costa County, California}}{{July 1944 shipwrecks}}{{MARCOMships}}{{Victory ships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Quinault Victory, SS}}2. ^1 2 3 {{web cite|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/p/port-chicago-ca-explosion.html|title=Port Chicago Naval Magazine Explosion, 1944|accessdate=1 March 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.usmm.org/portchicago.html|title=Port Chicago Disaster|publisher=|accessdate=1 August 2016}} 17 : Victory ships|Ships built in Portland, Oregon|Merchant ships of the United States|United States Merchant Marine|1944 ships|World War II auxiliary ships of the United States|Type C3 ships|World War II merchant ships of the United States|1944 disasters in the United States|Industrial fires and explosions in the United States|History of Contra Costa County, California|Transportation disasters in California|Maritime incidents in July 1944|20th-century military history of the United States|Non-combat naval accidents|Ship fires|World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean |
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