| 词条 | SS Volturno (1906) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Fire and sinkingAt about 06:00 on 9 October 1913, Volturno, on a voyage from Rotterdam to New York City, was carrying a mixed load of passengers, mostly immigrants, and cargo, which included highly-flammable chemicals.[3] It caught fire in the middle of a gale in the North Atlantic at {{coord|49|12|N|034|51|W|name=SS Volturno}}. The cargo hold in the front of the ship was found to be fully engulfed in flames. Shortly afterwards, part of the cargo exploded. Later, the fire spread to the ship's coal bunkers, cutting off the fuel supply for the fire hose pumps. The crew attempted to fight the fire for about two hours but, realising the severity of the fire and the limited options for dousing it on the high seas, Captain Francis Inch had his wireless operator send out SOS signals. Eleven ships responded to the calls and headed to the ship's reported position, arriving throughout the day and into the next.[4] In the meantime, several of the ship's lifeboats with women and children aboard were launched with tragic results; all either capsized or were smashed by the hull of the heaving ship, leaving no one alive from the first boats.[4] Captain James Clayton Barr of {{RMS|Carmania|1905|2}}, the first ship to arrive, took command of the rescue effort.[5] Barr had the other nine vessels form a "battle line" and slowly circle the burning ship. Throughout the night of 10/11 October, Carmania kept one of her searchlights on Volturno, with another sweeping the ring of rescue ships to help them avoid collisions.[4] According to one passenger, despite Carmania{{'}}s efforts, two of the ships, the Red Star liner {{SS|Kroonland||2}} and the French Line steamer {{SS|La Touraine||2}} almost collided, coming within {{convert|15|to|20|ft|m|0}} of impact. That was disputed by an officer on the Kroonland.[6] In the high seas, the rescue ships had launched lifeboats of their own to try and take passengers off the stricken Volturno, but the poor weather, the high seas, and the reluctance of Volturno{{'}}s passengers to jump into the frigid waters hampered rescue efforts. On board Volturno, the crew and some of the male passengers, unable to extinguish the fire, were at least able to keep it from spreading to the aft cargo holds over which the others on board were gathered. However, shortly before dawn, a large explosion, probably of her boilers, rocked Volturno. The rescuers felt that the ship, which had not been in imminent danger of sinking, might founder at any time. In the early morning of 11 October, the tanker SS Narragansett, one of the eleven rescue vessels, turned on her pumps and sprayed lubricating oil on the sea to help calm the surface.[4] The combination of the oil and the lessening of the storm allowed many more lifeboats to be sent to Volturno{{'}}s aid. With all boats recovered by 09:00, the rescue ships all resumed their original courses.[4] In all, 521 passengers and crew members were rescued by ten of the eleven ships. The death toll was 136, mostly women and children from the early lifeboat launchings.[4] On the night of 17 October, the Dutch tanker {{SS|Charlois||2}}, unaware of the events of the week before, came upon the still-smoldering hulk of Volturno. Charlois lowered a boat that stood by, attempting to hail any possible survivors on board. When day broke on 18 October, Captain Schmidt saw the full extent of the damage, and aware that Volturno was a hazard to passing ships, he ordered Volturno{{'}}s seacocks opened and scuttled the ship .[7] Rescue shipsThe following ships participated in the Volturno rescue:[8]
Notes1. ^{{cite magazine|title=Launches and Trial Trips: Launches—Scotch: Volturno |magazine=The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect |volume=29 |date=1 October 1909| page=101}} 2. ^http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~daamen1/volturno/shipinfo.htm 3. ^http://fireontheocean.com/about-ss-volturno/ 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |title=135 perish when ship burns at sea |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=12 October 1913 |page=1}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Capt. Barr Cites Log On Volturno. Says Carmania's Part in Rescue Work Was Misrepresented in English Reports |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/27/100654595.pdf |format=pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=27 October 1913}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/19/100654108.pdf |format=pdf |title=Ships near a crash in aiding Volturno |newspaper=The New York Times |date=19 October 1913 |page=8}} 7. ^Spurgeon, pp. 66–68. 8. ^Spurgeon, pp. 57–58. 9. ^{{cite news |title=Tells of Rescues by the Kurfuerst |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/16/100652794.pdf |format=pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 October 1913}} Bibliography
External links
6 : Ships built on the River Clyde|Passenger ships of the United Kingdom|Maritime incidents in 1913|Ship fires|Scuttled vessels|Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean |
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