1. Development

2. Operational history

3. Variants
    War-surplus conversions 

4. Operators

5. Surviving aircraft

6. Specifications (SJ)

7. See also

8. References

9. External links

The Standard J was a two-seat basic trainer two-bay biplane produced in the United States from 1916 to 1918, powered by a four-cylinder inline Hall-Scott A-7a engine. It was constructed from wood with wire bracing and fabric covering. The J-1 was built as a stopgap to supplement the Curtiss JN-4 in production.

Development

Charles Healy Day had designed the preceding Sloan H series of aircraft, and continued the line under the Standard Aero Corporation (later Standard Aircraft Corporation). Four companies, Standard, Dayton-Wright, Fisher Body, and Wright-Martin, delivered 1,601 J-1s between June 1917 and June 1918. The Standard J-1 can be differentiated from the Curtiss JN series by its slightly swept-back wing planform, triangular king posts above the upper wings, and the front legs of the landing gear which were mounted behind the lower wing's leading edge, just about where the forward wing spar of the lower wing panel attaches to the fuselage.

Operational history

Although produced in large numbers, its four-cylinder Hall-Scott A-7a engine was unreliable and vibrated badly. While JN-4 production outnumbered J-1s by about two to one to June 1918, fatalities in JN-4s versus J-1s numbered about seven to one as a result of the limited use of the J-1s. Few later production J-1s left their delivery crates.

In June 1918, all Standard J-1s were grounded, although training remained intensive. Sufficient JN-4s were available to meet training needs, and at $2,000 per aircraft it was not cost-effective to convert them to use Curtiss OX-5 engines. Contracts for 2,600+ JS-1s were canceled, and those not used for ground instruction by the US Army were sold as surplus or scrapped. Curtiss, which produced its competitor (the Curtiss JN) bought surplus J-1s which they modified with different powerplants, for resale.

Many J-1s were flown by civilian flying schools, and for joy-riding and barnstorming operations, until they were worn out, or were forced into retirement by new air transport legislation in 1927 which banned passenger aircraft with wood structures due to a number of high-profile accidents.

Variants

• Sloan H series: trainers and reconnaissance aircraft from 1913
• Standard H series: production by Standard of Sloan H-series
• Standard J: first Standard-designed variant
• Standard J-1: trainer for U.S. Army
• Standard SJ-1: J-1 with additional pair of forward wheels to prevent noseovers
• Standard JR-1: advanced trainer for US Army
• Standard JR-1B: mail carrier for US Post Office, modification of JR-1
• Standard E-4: redesignated JR-1B mailcarrier

War-surplus conversions

• Aerial Engineering Corporation Standard 6W-3: Modification for a pilot and four passengers. Also known as the Mercury Standard 6^[2]
• Curtiss Night Mail: 1922 mailplane conversion of J-1 by Curtiss with new wings (about 6 converted)
• Lincoln Standard L.S.5: J-1 modified with an open cockpit for four passengers
• Nicholas-Beazley-Standard: J-1 aircraft modified by Nicholas-Beazley
• Ryan Standard: J-1 with a 180 hp Hispano Suiza engine^[1] and an enclosed cabin for four passengers fitted by the Ryan Flying Company^[3] (9 converted)^[4]
• Sikorsky Standard: civil trainer with Sikorsky-Gluhareff Parasol wing (also known as Standard SJ)

Operators

{{USA}}

• United States Army Air Service
• United States Navy
• United States Post Office Department
• The San Diego—Los Angeles Airlines^[1]

Surviving aircraft

Over a dozen J-1s are on display or being restored. Others projects are incomplete and awaiting restoration.

• 214 – J-1 on static display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.^[5][6]
• 581 – J-1 airworthy at the Owls Head Transportation Museum in Owls Head, Maine. It has a Hispano-Suiza V-8 engine installed.^[7][8]
• 1000 – J-1 airworthy with James F. Hammond of Yellow Springs, Ohio.^[9]
• 1141 – J-1 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. It is displayed without a right wing or fabric covering, has a Hall-Scott A-4A engine installed, and was donated by Robert Greiger in December 1962.^[10][11]
• 1582 – J-1 in storage at the Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida.^[12][13] It is composite of two airframes.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
• 1598 – J-1 on static display at the San Diego Aerospace Museum in San Diego, California.^[14][15]
• 1956 – J-1 airworthy at the EAA Aviation Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. It has a Hispano-Suiza Model A engine installed.^[16][17][18]
• 2434 – J-1 on display at the Fargo Air Museum in Fargo, North Dakota. It is on loan from Bonanzaville, U.S.A.. It has a OXX-6 engine installed.^[19]{{failed verification|date=May 2017}}^[20]{{failed verification|date=May 2017}}
• 2969 – J-1 airworthy with Walter C. Bowe of Sonoma, California.^[21] It is assembled from original components as a period kit.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
• 41236 – J-1 on static display at the Glenn H. Curtiss Museum in Hammondsport, New York. It is on loan from the Henry Ford Museum.^[22][23]
• T-4595 – J-1 at the Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum in Creve Coeur, Missouri.^[24][25]
• T-4598 – J-1 airworthy with the Freeman Heritage Collection in Kingsbury, Texas.^[26]
• T-4732 – J-1 airworthy with C C Air Corp of Port Hueneme, California.^[27]
• J-1 on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. It has a OXX-6 engine installed.^[28]

Specifications (SJ)

| crew=2
| capacity=
| length m=
| length ft=26
| length in=7
| length note=
| upper span m=
| upper span ft=43
| upper span in=11
| upper span note=
| lower span m=
| lower span ft=32
| lower span in=
| lower span note=
| height m=
| height ft=10
| height in=10
| height note=
| wing area sqm=
| wing area sqft=429
| wing area note=
| aspect ratio=
| airfoil=R.A.F No 3
| empty weight kg=
| empty weight lb=1350
| empty weight note=
| gross weight kg=
| gross weight lb=1950
| gross weight note=
| fuel capacity={{convert|31|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on}}
| more general=

| eng1 number=1
| eng1 name=Hall-Scott A-7
| eng1 type= water-cooled straight-4 engine
| eng1 kw=
| eng1 hp=100
| eng1 note=
| prop blade number=
| prop name=
| prop dia m=
| prop dia ft=
| prop dia in=
| prop dia note=

| perfhide=
| max speed kmh=
| max speed mph=68
| max speed kts=
| max speed note=
| max speed mach=
| cruise speed kmh=
| cruise speed mph=
| cruise speed kts=
| cruise speed note=
| stall speed kmh=
| stall speed mph=37
| stall speed kts=
| stall speed note=
| never exceed speed kmh=
| never exceed speed mph=
| never exceed speed kts=
| never exceed speed note=
| range km=
| range miles=350
| range nmi=
| range note=
| combat range km=
| combat range miles=
| combat range nmi=
| combat range note=
| ferry range km=
| ferry range miles=
| ferry range nmi=
| ferry range note=
| endurance=
| ceiling m=
| ceiling ft=
| ceiling note=
| g limits=
| roll rate=
| glide ratio=
| climb rate ms=
| climb rate ftmin=
| climb rate note=
| time to altitude=10 minutes to {{convert|2600|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| lift to drag=
| wing loading kg/m2=
| wing loading lb/sqft=
| wing loading note=
| power/mass=
| thrust/weight=
| more performance=
}}

See also

• Airco DH.4
• Airco DH.6
• Albatros C.III
• Avro 504
• Caudron G.III
• Martin TT
• Nieuport 83

• List of military aircraft of the United States

References

Notes

Bibliography

• {{cite book |last= Donald |first= David, ed |title=Encyclopedia of World Aircraft|year=1997 |publisher=Prospero Books|location=Ontario |pages=854}}
• {{cite book |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft |publisher=Aerospace Publishing|location=London |pages=}}
• {{cite web |title=Standard, Standard-Caproni, Standard-DH,Standard-Handley-Page, Gates-Day Standard |work=Aerofiles|url=http://aerofiles.com/_st.html |access-date=2008-10-28}}
• {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=}}
• {{cite magazine|title=The Standard Aero Corporation Model J Training Tractor|magazine=Aviation|date=April 1, 1917|volume=II|issue=5|pages=216–217|url=http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19170401/#!&pid=216|registration=y}}
• {{cite book |title=United States Air Force Museum |year=1975 |publisher=Air Force Museum Foundation |location=Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio}}

External links

• The Owl's Head Transportation Museum's Standard J-1 page

• Willy Dick Crossing
• Willy Dick Crossing, Washington
• Willy Dobbe
• Willy Dols
• Willy Domgraf-Fassbaender
• Willy Düskow
• Will Yeatman
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• Willye F. Clayton Dennis
• Willye F. Dennis
• Will Ye Go, Lassie, Go
• Will Ye Go Lassie Go
• Will ye go lassie go?
• Will Ye Go, Lassie, Go?
• Will ye go lassie go
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• Willy Eisenhart
• Will ye no come back?
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• Willy Ferrer
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• Willy Fog 2