“Michael J. Smith (astronaut)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Michael John Smith (April 30, 1945 – January 28, 1986), (Capt, USN), was an American engineer and astronaut. He served as the pilot of the Space Shuttle Challenger when it was destroyed during the STS-51-L mission, when it broke up 73 seconds into the flight, and at an altitude of 48,000 feet (14.6 km).^[1] killing all 7 crew members. Smith's voice was the last one heard on the Challenger voice recorder^[2] He was a Master of Science, holding a degree in Aeronautical Engineering.

During his Naval career, Smith flew 28 different types of civilian and military aircraft and logged 4,867 hours of flying time. Following the Challenger disaster, he was promoted posthumously by Congress to the rank of Captain, and has had a Chair named in his honor at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California.

Early life and military career

Smith was born April 30, 1945, in Beaufort, North Carolina. He graduated from East Carteret High School in 1963, and went on to receive a Bachelor of Science degree in Naval Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1967. He subsequently attended the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School at Monterey, California, from which he graduated with a Master of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering in 1968. He completed naval aviation jet training at Naval Air Station Kingsville, Texas, receiving his aviator wings in May 1969. He was then assigned to the Advanced Jet Training Command (VT-21) where he served as an instructor from May 1969 to March 1971. During the 2-year period that followed, he flew A-6 Intruders and completed a tour in 1972 during the Vietnam War while assigned to Attack Squadron 52 (VA-52) aboard the aircraft carrier {{USS|Kitty Hawk|CV-63|6}}. During his deployment with VA-52, Smith took part in Operation Linebacker, the first continuous bombing effort conducted against North Vietnam since 1968.

After returning from Vietnam, Smith attended U.S. Naval Test Pilot School (NTPS), graduating from the program in 1974. Following NTPS, he was assigned to the Strike Aircraft Test Directorate at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, to work on the A-6E TRAM and Cruise missile guidance systems. He returned to NTPS in 1976 and completed an 18-month assignment there as an instructor. From Patuxent River, he was assigned to Attack Squadron 75 (VA-75), where he served as maintenance and operations officer while completing two Mediterranean cruises aboard the aircraft carrier {{USS|Saratoga|CV-60|6}}.

Astronaut career

Smith was selected for the astronaut program in May 1980; he served as a commander in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), Deputy Chief of Aircraft Operations Division, Technical Assistant to the Director, Flight Operations Directorate, and was also assigned to the Astronaut Office Development and Test Group. In addition to being pilot on the Challenger, he had been slated to pilot a future Shuttle mission (STS-61-N) which had been scheduled for the Fall of 1986.{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}. He is the last voice heard on media from the Challenger voice recorder: the last words phrase spoken was Smith saying "Uh oh."^[2]

While analyzing the wreckage, investigators discovered that several electrical system switches on Smith's right-hand panel had been moved from their usual launch positions. Fellow Astronaut Richard Mullane wrote, "These switches were protected with lever locks that required them to be pulled outward against a spring force before they could be moved to a new position." Later tests established that neither the force of the explosion, nor the impact with the ocean could have moved them indicating that he made the switch changes, presumably in a futile attempt to restore electrical power to the cockpit after the crew cabin detached from the rest of the orbiter.^[3]

Recognition

Smith was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in 2004, along with all crew members lost in the Challenger and Columbia accidents.^[4] He also received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal (posthumous), the Navy Distinguished Flying Cross, 3 Air Medals, 13 Strike/Flight Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal with "V" Device, the Navy Unit Citation, and the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Silver Star.

The Michael J. Smith Field airfield in his home town of Beaufort, North Carolina is named after Smith.

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/kerwin.html|title=Challenger crew cause and time of death|author=Kerwin, Joseph P.|year=1986|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103015825/https://history.nasa.gov/kerwin.html|archivedate=January 3, 2013|deadurl=yes|accessdate=July 4, 2006|df=}}
2. ^¹{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/29/science/challenger-crew-knew-of-problem-data-now-suggest.html|title=Challenger Crew Knew of Problem, Data Now Suggest|last=Boffey|first=Philip M.|date=1986-07-29|newspaper=New York Times|accessdate=2014-04-28}}
3. ^{{Cite book | last = Mullane | first = Mike | authorlink = Mike Mullane | title = Riding Rockets: The Outrageous Tales of a Space Shuttle Astronaut | publisher = Simon and Schuster | year = 2006 | pages = 245 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8X7ceB3QEWkC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA245#v=onepage&q= | isbn = 978-0-7432-7682-5 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/spacemedal.htm|title=Congressional Space Medal of Honor|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2012-06-18}}

References

External links